University of Oxford

Invariant splitting principles for the Lipshitz–Ozsváth–Thurston correspondence

Abstract We prove that the Lipshitz–Ozsváth–Thurston correspondence between extended type D structures of knot complements and knot Floer complexes can be arranged so that ‐invariant splittings of knot Floer chain complexes correspond to ‐invariant splittings of bordered Floer ho...

Machine learning provides individualized prediction of outcomes after first complete remission without allo‐HSCT consolidation in adult acute myeloid leukemia—A HARMONY study

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a curative treatment option for a significant proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and it is generally recommended when the relapse risk without allo‐HSCT outweighs the estimated non‐r...

Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using Pulsed Field Ablation With vs Without Posterior Wall Isolation in Patients With Symptomatic Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Importance: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is less effective in persistent than in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: To determine whether adding posterior left atrial wall isolation (PWI) to pulsed field ablation (PFA)-based PVI reduces atrial tachyarrhythmia in pat...

ACPC-MAP: a protocol for manually aligning structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance images to the anterior commissure – posterior commissure plane according to clinical standards

Abstract Realigning structural MR images to stereotactic AC-PC space is a standard procedure that enhances anatomical consistency both within and across neuroimaging studies, allowing for precise spatial localization and reliable cross-subject comparisons in both clinical and res...

Anticipating health and care trajectories from routinely collected social care records

Abstract Predictive modelling in healthcare has advanced rapidly, yet social care systems, despite their central role in supporting vulnerable populations, remain underexplored in this domain. In this study, we apply machine learning to a large, pseudonymised dataset of social ca...

HPV DNA negativity following AHCC or nonavalent vaccination or their combination in women with persistent HPV infection without HSIL

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a common clinical condition for which no validated systemic antiviral therapy is currently available, and in the absence of high-grade cervical lesions management is generally limited to surveillance. Active Hex...

Deviations from genetic additivity driven by rare variants at biobank scale

Abstract Additive genetic models are the default for genome-wide association studies, but deviations from additivity are crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. Yet existing methods for testing nonadditivity are computationally infeasible for large...

Unraveling single-molecule reactions via multiplexed in-situ DNA sequencing

Abstract DNA sequence regulates complex reactions and protein-DNA interactions, yet sequence effects remain poorly understood due to the lack of direct, high-throughput approaches to study sequence-dependence at the single-molecule level. Here, we introduce Single-molecule Phenot...

An evolutionarily conserved N-terminal domain of RRF-3 governs GTSF-1 binding in nematodes

Abstract GTSF1 is an essential activating cofactor for PIWI proteins in many metazoans. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , however, GTSF-1 does not bind PIWI, but is associated with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RRF-3, supporting endo-siRNA (26G-RNA) biogenesis. Here, we...

Generating a national snapshot of all publicly reported investments in ecosystem and species conservation across public, private, and philanthropic finance

Abstract Scaling up investment in ecosystems is a national and international public policy priority. Evaluations of the total amount spent have been severely criticised, with a lack of transparent reporting, especially of private finance flows, a known limitation. We provide a co...

FAIR-SHEPHERD: Fairness beyond Statistical Parity toward Structural Alignment

All fairness algorithms unavoidably rely on normative assumptions about fair treatment, yet these assumptions often remain implicit. We argue that these assumptions should be formalized as explicit, auditable policies and introduce FAIR-SHEPHERD , a structural policy-based framew...

The Fyodorov–Hiary–Keating conjecture on mesoscopic intervals

We derive precise upper bounds for the maximum of the Riemann zeta function on a typical short interval of the critical line. We show that for fixed θ∈(−1,0], large T, and y≥2 satisfying y=O(loglogT/logloglogT), the proportion of points t∈[T,2T] for which max|h|≤logθT|ζ(12+it+ih)...

Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorems in higher algebra

We extend the classical Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) theorem to higher algebra by establishing a version that applies to spectral Lie algebras. We deduce this statement from a basic relation between operads in spectra: the commutative operad is the quotient of the associative ope...

Cumulative spatial assessment of observed wildlife-vehicle collisions based on indicator species thresholds

Global road network expansion has exacerbated wildlife-vehicle collisions. However, traditional risk assessments predominantly assume a linear relationship between landscape features and observed collision quantities, overlooking the non-linear threshold characteristics of ecolog...

A critical (and) realist(ic) examination of psychology students’ perspectives on engaging with curriculum decolonisation initiatives

Higher education institutions globally are trying to decolonise their curricula, aiming to make them more inclusive and representative. Some departments are also seeking to redress the colonial structures engrained within higher education. Students are central to this work. Howev...

Inferential planning in the frontal cortex

Abstract How the brain plans and maintains sequences of future actions remains a central question in systems neuroscience. Recent studies in the frontal cortex have revealed that multiple elements of a sequence are represented simultaneously in separable neural subspaces, challen...

Progressive oxygenation of developing leaves directs morphogenesis

Abstract Oxygen availability underpins energy production in multicellular organisms, yet internal oxygen gradients arise in both plants and animals. Plants sense these variations via the PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE branch of the N-degron pathway, which regulates the stability of key t...

On Graphs with Modularity Zero or Near-Zero

It is known that complete graphs and complete multipartite graphs have modularity zero. We show that the least number of edges we may delete from the complete graph $K_n$ to obtain a graph with non-zero modularity is $\lfloor n/2\rfloor +1$. Similarly we determine the least numbe...

When habit prevails: a causal test of policy feedback theory using a pension reform

Abstract Elderly voters are a growing, politically powerful electoral bloc, and their pensions often constitute the largest component of welfare state. We know that cuts can provoke electoral backlash, but it is less clear whether benefit expansions mobilize retirees. Some policy...

Estimating the environmental impact of an HPC job – tools and challenges

Researchers and research funders are increasingly interested in understanding the environmental impacts of computational research, including impacts through both energy-intensive computations and the production and disposal of specialised computing hardware. However, these impact...