University of Oslo

Sosym section for Bran Selić: an editorial

Our friend and colleague Bran Selić is retiring this year, after a long and extremely distinguished career from which every reader of this section will have benefitted, knowingly or unknowingly. It is a pleasure for us as guest editors to introduce this special section in his hon...

Structural variants contribute substantially to complex trait heritability

Despite accumulating evidence that structural variants (SVs) exert disproportionate functional effects, their genome-wide contribution to complex trait heritability has not yet been systematically quantified. Here, we introduce MiXeR-SV, a tool that integrates long-read-derived S...

Genome-wide analysis of social behaviour across social domains, reporters and developmental stages: a meta-regression approach

Abstract Social behaviour is a heritable trait linked to well-being and mental health, yet it varies across social context, including social domains, informants and development, which may shape its underlying genomic architecture. Here, we conducted a genome-wide meta-regression...

A GENETIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG EFFECTS ON BRAIN STRUCTURE

While neuroimaging studies have reported many brain alterations linked to psychiatric disorders, there has been substantial heterogeneity in findings. Effects of psychotropic medications on brain structure likely contribute to this inconsistency, yet disentangling disorder from d...

65. HIGHER POLY-METHYLATION SCORE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER NEGATIVE SYMPTOM SEVERITY AT 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Background Negative symptoms are among the most disabling features of psychotic disorders and frequently persist over time. Baseline clinical measures (e.g. symptom severity at illness onset) explain only part of the variability in long-term outcomes, highlighting the need for im...

A GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS ON NITRENIUM-DERIVED CLOZAPINE METABOLITES – A STUDY WITH 306 SUBJECTS WITH KNOWN SMOKING STATUS

Background and aim Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment of schizophrenia, yet its clinical use is limited by potentially life-threatening side effects including agranulocytosis and myocarditis. It has been suggested that bioactivation of clozapine to its re...

Exercise remodels the circulating extracellular particle proteome in men

Extracellular particles (EPs), including extracellular vesicles, are emerging mediators of inter-organ communication with growing relevance to cardiometabolic health. Whereas acute exercise mobilizes EV-associated proteins into the circulation, the plasma EP-enriched proteome res...

Partial differential equations in the age of machine learning: a critical synthesis of classical, machine learning, and hybrid methods

Abstract Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern physical phenomena across the full range of scientific scales, yet their computational solution remains one of the defining challenges of modern science. This critical review examines two mature but epistemologically distinct...

Effect of Semaglutide on Thigh Skeletal Muscle Volume, Fat Infiltration and Physical Function in People With Obesity: Secondary Analysis of STEP UP

ABSTRACT Aims To assess the effect of semaglutide on body composition and physical function. Materials and Methods The phase 3b STEP UP trial randomised adults with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 to once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 7.2 mg, semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 72 we...

Does active surveillance prior to radical prostatectomy increase the risk of adverse pathological findings or postoperative prostate cancer treatment?

Active surveillance (AS) is an established management strategy for men with low- and favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of patients ultimately undergo radical prostatectomy (RP), and the impact of prior AS on subsequent outco...

Combatting a Tobramycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit: the impact of hygiene intervention and antibiotic substitution

Abstract Background Outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is a significant risk to these vulnerable infants. This study describes a decade-long outbreak of tobramycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (TRSA) and the interventions implem...

Collaborative clinical research ethics and regulatory governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Gaps, challenges and implications

Although some countries in sub-Saharan Africa have strengthened their systems and reached WHO GBT Maturity Level 3, important gaps remain. Addressing these gaps is critical for strengthening clinical research oversight and preparedness. This open letter highlights that ethics and...

KD4MT: A Survey of Knowledge Distillation for Machine Translation

Abstract Knowledge Distillation (KD) as a research area has gained a lot of traction in recent years as a compression tool to address challenges related to ever-larger models in NLP. Remarkably, Machine Translation (MT) offers a much more nuanced take on this narrative: in MT, KD...

Survival benefit of deceased donor kidney transplantation versus continued dialysis: international target trial emulation

Abstract Objective To quantify the survival benefit of deceased donor kidney transplantation versus continued dialysis according to patients’ characteristics (age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease), donor quality (standard criteria donor or expanded criteria donor) and donor retr...

Open‐Weight Deep Learning for Periapical Index Scoring: Training and Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Models Based on Three Distinct Architectures and an Ensemble Approach

ABSTRACT Aim This study aimed to (i) train and compare three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for Periapical Index (PAI) scoring on intraoral radiographs, and (ii) assess whether an ensemble of these models improves performance compared with any single architectur...

Beyond years of schooling: Genetic associations across educational milestones in two Norwegian cohorts

Although educational attainment is heritable, years-of-education (EduYears) measures are not designed to show how genetic associations vary across discrete educational milestones. In the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa; N = 120,527) and the Norwegian Twin Re...

Global inequality in vaccine access, mortality and economy: An agent-based exploration

We develop an agent-based model to study the economic and public health impact of global vaccine inequality. Our model contains two world regions (higher-income vs. lower-income) and captures the co-evolution between economic activity, the spread and evolution of a hypothetical n...

Diagnostic pathways, healthcare utilization, and mortality in children and young people with early onset substance use disorders: a nationwide registry-based cohort study

Longitudinal, population-based evidence on the clinical profiles and mortality of youth with substance use disorders (SUDs) is limited, despite significant health and social risks. This study aimed to (1) characterize initial SUD diagnoses, demographic and healthcare profiles, an...

Gut microbiome signatures of colorectal cancer development are more pronounced in women compared to men in a population-based screening cohort

Abstract Background The gut microbiome has emerged as a promising source of biomarkers to enhance early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, sex-specific differences in gut microbial profiles and their relationship to CRC risk remain underexplored. Our objective was to...

Nanoparticles Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Chemical Design, Assembly, and Emerging Applications

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health concern, with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality associated with multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. Despite intensive efforts to discover antimicrobial compounds, few candidates progress to cli...