University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Disseminated Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegalovirus in a Nontransplant Pediatric ALL Patient: A Case Report

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an underrecognized complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While CMV disease is well documented in transplant recipients, its clinical course in nontransplant settings remains poorly defined. Disseminated ga...

Alpha-Gal Syndrome Is More than Meats the IgE: A Patient Survey of Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Burdens

Background/Objectives: Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an allergic condition that results in delayed symptoms in response to exposure to mammalian products. There is limited research on which healthcare professionals (HCPs) are diagnosing AGS, types of symptoms, time to reactions, an...

Safer sex self-efficacy and condom use among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Inconsistent condom use puts adolescents at risk for HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy. A recent meta-analysis identified safer sex self-efficacy as one of the strongest correlates of U.S. adolescent condom use ( r avg = .22), but with significant heterogeneity in effect sizes. T...

Emergency care use in early pregnancy and adverse maternal events at birth and up to 42 days postpartum among North Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries

Abstract Objective Emergency care (EC) utilization can indicate unmet medical or social needs. In pregnancy, EC use may identify individuals at risk for adverse outcomes and highlight opportunities for intervention. This study examined the association between EC use in early preg...

Evidence of dengue transmission and a diverse Aedes mosquito virome on the Congo’s Angola border

Abstract Aedes mosquitoes are widely distributed across the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and are major vectors of dengue (DENV), Zika, chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. While the high burden of malaria in the DRC receives considerable attention, arboviru...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived volatile organic compounds modulate AhR signaling to dysregulate airway mucus homeostasis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently infects chronically diseased lungs and exacerbates airway mucus hypersecretion and failure in clearance. P. aeruginosa is metabolically versatile and secretes multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have been scrutinized as potential bi...

Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations in Kentucky, 2008-2018: Spatial and Temporal Trends

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalization rates have increased significantly in the last decade, primarily due to the opioid epidemic. In 2016, Kentucky (KY) ranked among the top ten states for opioid-related overdose deaths, but limited data exist on IE trends in...

Mapping System Vulnerabilities in Anaesthesia Safety: A Role‐Based Inquiry in Response to Fatal Fungal Meningitis Outbreaks in Mexico

ABSTRACT Objectives Unsafe anaesthesia practices in Mexico have contributed to repeated outbreaks of fatal fungal meningitis, exposing broader health system vulnerabilities. This study aimed to analyse how structural weaknesses in perioperative care, spanning governance, workforc...

Spatial patterns and factors associated with vaccination uptake at follow-up among previously identified zero-dose children in Mchinji District, Malawi

Globally, more than 14 million infants remained zero-dose in 2024, having not received the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1). In Malawi, national immunisation estimates may mask sub-district inequities, limiting the ability to identify and reach...

Management of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: A survey of US pediatric hospitals

Abstract Objective To evaluate the management practices of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) across tertiary pediatric hospitals in the United States using a survey‐based approach. Methods A 21‐question survey focused on management setting, work‐up, follow‐up and treatme...

Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity

Abstract Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present st...

Designing clinical AI for patient-centered support beyond the visit: the PACT framework for health systems

Clinical AI has advanced rapidly for bounded in-visit tasks such as prediction, documentation, and message generation, yet many costly failures in care occur outside the encounter when follow-up, handoffs, and communication break down. We argue that the next challenge for clinica...

Integrative Transcriptional and Chromatin Analyses Reveal Enhancer-Mediated Regulatory Programs Driving Breast Cancer Metastasis

Abstract Breast cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of disease-related mortality, yet the regulatory mechanisms enabling tumor cells to adapt to distant tissue environments remain poorly defined. Here, we generated a multi-omic resource integrating transcriptomic (RNA-seq...

A compendium of next-generation patient-derived models for diverse cancers

Abstract The development of new therapeutics and the validation of pathogenetic cancer mechanisms require representative laboratory models 1,2 . However, existing collections represent only a fraction of the diversity observed in human cancer 2–4 . Recent technologies have enable...

“She cannot use these methods before she has at least one child”: a qualitative study on family planning attitudes, knowledge, and experiences among adolescent girls and young women living with HIV in Moshi, Tanzania

Abstract Background Each year, about half of pregnancies in adolescents (15–19 years of age) are unintended, and the rate of adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa is twice the global rate. Adolescent pregnancies have similar social determinants as those of HIV acquisition, r...

Entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurs' perceptions of ability: A randomized control trial in Tanzania

Abstract Research Summary This study examines whether training entrepreneurs to apply systematic approaches to strategic decision‐making influences their self‐perception of ability. Using a field experiment in which 151 entrepreneurs in Tanzania were randomly assigned to two diff...

Racial microaggressions in prenatal care settings and perceived quality of prenatal care among Black/African American women

In the United States, Black/African American (AA) women face significant health disparities, including higher rates of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APOs). This is despite increased utilization of prenatal care (PNC) over time, which is a critical intervention for identifying and m...

How Equity and Quality Are Considered by Cancer Centers Offering Practice-Integrated Telehealth Visits: A Qualitative Study

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic forever changed health care delivery and led to a rapid uptake in telehealth visits. However, the quality and equity of these visits compared to in-person visits are unknown. This analysis interviewed oncology practitioners to understand how US...

Investigative Stops and Neighborhood Change: A Spillover Analysis of Chicago Police Beats

This research tests for a spillover effect in the association between discretionary police contact and neighborhood economic and racial change at the police beat level in Chicago, Illinois. Spatial Durbin lag and error models are fit for 269 police beats, using investigative stop...

Are components of the histone gene expression machinery functionally repurposed in terminally differentiated cells?

The expression of metazoan replication-dependent histone genes is controlled by NPAT and U7 snRNP. NPAT activates transcription of histone genes during S-phase, whereas U7 snRNP is a multi-subunit endonuclease that cleaves the resultant transcripts at the 3' end, yielding mature...