University of Minnesota

The molecular mechanisms of platelets in tumor invasion and metastasis: a controversial role

Platelets, traditionally recognized for their role in hemostasis, are now understood to actively contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Through dynamic bidirectional interactions with cancer cells, platelets undergo measurable alterations in count, mean pl...

Two Decades of Declining International Medical Graduate Representation in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Programs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends of international medical graduates (IMGs) matching into U.S. physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs. DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study analyzed National Resident Matching Program data from 2005 to 2025. The primary outco...

A Cigarette Tax and Childcare Mitigate Nicotine Exposure in Young Children

OBJECTIVES The detrimental effects of tobacco smoke on children’s health are well known. Although evidence suggests that cigarette excise taxes can reduce adult smoking, it remains unclear whether they reduce the nicotine levels of infants and toddlers—a developmentally vulnerabl...

Failing to Maintain Contact With Probation: Discovering the Reasons Why

A common requirement for individuals on probation is to remain in contact with their probation officer (PO). Failure to do these actions may result in a violation that could lead to a revocation. Further, not knowing one’s whereabouts on probation could create public safety conce...

Using insertable cardiac monitors to test determinants of heart rate and activity in captive baboons

Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide fine-grained, continuous data on cardiac activity. These data have great potential to reveal individual physiology, energetics, and stress responses, with implications for animal health, cognition, welfare, and conservation. However, the...

Landscape history matters: decoupled responses of plant taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity to intensive agriculture impacts in Cerrado

Loss of woody plants due to intensive agricultural expansion is particularly critical because of their role in ecosystem functions and services, as well as in ecosystem resilience. Therefore, understanding the effects of landscape changes on multiple dimensions of biodiversity (i...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Implementable and Sustainable Upcycling of Medical Plastic Waste to Liquid Highly Branched Alkanes via Tandem Catalytic Cracking-Hydrogenation Strategy

Abstract Recalcitrant plastic waste (RPW) poses a significant environmental and health challenge due to its persistent nature and potential contamination with toxic chemicals and biohazards. Upcycling RPW containing mixed polyolefins, contaminants, and additives often struggles t...

First, Do No Harm: Implications of CHIP‐BCIS3 for Interventional Cardiology Training

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no data sets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Racial microaggressions in prenatal care settings and perceived quality of prenatal care among Black/African American women

In the United States, Black/African American (AA) women face significant health disparities, including higher rates of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APOs). This is despite increased utilization of prenatal care (PNC) over time, which is a critical intervention for identifying and m...

From Gene Editing to Exogenesis: Pigs as a Source of Immune-compatible Organs for Transplantation

The persistent shortage of human organs for transplantation has intensified efforts to develop alternative sources, specifically xenotransplantation and exogenesis. Xenotransplantation uses genetically engineered pigs to provide organs, tissues, and cells for clinical use. Signif...

Generation of transgene-free MtABCG46 mutants in Medicago truncatula using CRISPR/Cas9

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form one of the largest and most functionally diverse families of membrane proteins in plants, with members of the ABCG subfamily playing central roles in the transport of specialized metabolites and stress adaptation. In legumes functional...

Molecular methods for differentiating Phragmites australis subspecies and identification of hybrid stands in the Upper Midwestern United States

Abstract Premise In North America, Phragmites australis (common reed) has drawn a great deal of research attention. Non‐native P. australis subsp. australis is a noxious weed that has locally displaced native P. australis subsp. americanus in some areas. Although morphological fe...

Femoral Rotation Osteotomy in Patellofemoral Instability Surgery

Femoral anteversion is an important anatomic risk factor for patellofemoral instability. History and physical exam, in addition to diagnostic imaging, are all components of a full assessment to determine whether femoral anteversion is a significant contributor to a patient's pate...

Uncertainty and Ethical Permissibility in Youth Gender Care

This Viewpoint discusses how misuse of evidence-based medicine displaces the pediatric ethical principles of proportionality and shared decision-making and risks precluding both access to care and generation of evidence needed to reduce uncertainty.

Examining Driver Perceptions and Evaluations of Snowplow Rear-End Reflective Marking Designs

The use of reflective tape on snowplows has been shown to be an effective measure to improve vehicle visibility and identification; however, best practices for pattern and color combinations is unclear. The present work assesses reflective marking designs with varied patterns and...

Surgical Management of Young Women with High-Risk Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on the I-SPY2 Trial

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy rates in women with breast cancer are higher in younger women than in older women. The impact of this more extensive surgery on overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence in younger women is unknown, especially after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST...

Structure-Based Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of LuxR-Type Quorum Sensing Receptors

Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to coordinate collective behaviors in response to population density. LuxI/R QS systems, common among gram-negative bacteria, consist of a LuxI-type synthase that produces an N- acyl L -homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecule and a LuxR-ty...

Effects of early adulthood chronic sleep disruption on late life cognition, brain pathology, and microglial reactivity in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy

Abstract A bidirectional relationship has been proposed between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease pathology, such that disruption to sleep can lead to increases in the expression of tau or its phosphorylation. Over the long term, this can potentially lead to greater expression of neu...

Plasma wave observations from Juno spacecraft at the Jovian bow shock

Recent observations of Jupiter’s bow shock have provided new insights into the energy dissipation mechanisms associated with bow shocks of outer planets. At greater distances from the Sun, the typically increasing super-Alfvénic nature of the solar wind leads to higher-energy bow...