University of Cologne

The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment model-observation intercomparison project (COMBLE-MIP) – Part 1: Model specification, observational constraints, and preliminary findings

Models struggle to represent the coupled microphysical, turbulent and radiative processes within widespread, long-lived marine cold-air outbreak (CAO) cloud fields, contributing to forecast and climate biases. Here we combine ground-based and satellite measurements to initialize...

Lossless Retention and the Physical Meaning of a Comparison

What must persist when a physical system retains a comparison? Exact recovery of its inputs, preservation of numerical order, and conservation of energy impose different conditions. We exhibit a reversible count update with a lossless scalar reading whose order reverses, and give...

Economics from Shared Reality and Distinct Persons

In Recognition Science, physical and ethical descriptions concern one underlying reality. Actions change shared relations; their burdens and consequences remain attributable to distinct persons. Economics develops how those persons organize production, storage, exchange and use w...

Lossless Retention and the Physical Meaning of a Comparison

What must persist when a physical system retains a comparison? Exact recovery of its inputs, preservation of numerical order, and conservation of energy impose different conditions. We exhibit a reversible count update with a lossless scalar reading whose order reverses, and give...

Gravity Tests and Gravitational Collapse: What Three Preprints of 14 September 2026 Establish

This technical review examines three gravity preprints submitted on 14 September 2026: a lunar laser ranging test of equal free fall, a charged-binary inspiral waveform analysis, and a theorem on nonspherical perturbations of self-similar naked-singularity backgrounds. It disting...

Gravity Tests and Gravitational Collapse: What Three Preprints of 14 September 2026 Establish

This technical review examines three gravity preprints submitted on 14 September 2026: a lunar laser ranging test of equal free fall, a charged-binary inspiral waveform analysis, and a theorem on nonspherical perturbations of self-similar naked-singularity backgrounds. It disting...

Sex-specific patterns of symptom burden, psychological distress, and work productivity impairment in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a 10-month dynamic cohort study

Abstract Background A considerable proportion of patients experience post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Increasing evidence suggests sex-related differences, yet systematic longitudinal analyses remain limited. This study aimed to examine sex-specific differences in symptoms...

Minimal Hilbert completion of retained recognition histories

This research note constructs the unique minimal Hilbert completion of all finite retained recognition histories, with each state identified with its recorded successor. It proves convergence of finite-depth approximations and transports finite-time reads while preserving native...

ERP signatures of prediction error in the comprehension of ambiguous plural pronouns in German

Communication may include ambiguous pronouns that refer to different antecedents. Behavioural studies show reduced processing costs for ambiguous pronouns, indicating an ambiguity advantage and shallow processing. This raises the question: “How does ERP evidence for ambiguous pro...

Recognition Structure from Responses and Records

Which physical structure must a description preserve if it preserves what participants can achieve? Calibrated responses reconstruct a directed recognition ledger, and answerable interruptions require retained records. For a finite quantum carrier, preserving a finite family of p...

A Compact Gauss Field with a Native Clock: Ground Energy and Planar Strain

A compact square couples the complete eight-level clocks to unrestricted integer electric flux. At specified couplings, positivity, a complete finite eigenvalue count and an infinite-tail estimate enclose the normal ground energy near 1.6373452821 and give an excitation gap above...

Gaussian charge fluctuations of the eight-state native clock

We derive the Gaussian charge-fluctuation limit of independent copies of the complete eight-state native clock in its product ground state, with the native occupation operator and additive clock dynamics. The limiting charge field has variance 1/4, four positive-frequency modes a...

A Compact Gauss Field with a Native Clock: Ground Energy and Planar Strain

A compact square couples the complete eight-level clocks to unrestricted integer electric flux. At specified couplings, positivity, a complete finite eigenvalue count and an infinite-tail estimate enclose the normal ground energy near 1.6373452821 and give an excitation gap above...

Borosulfates Hosting Se 4 2+ Ions—Crystal Structures, Chemical Bonding, Optical Spectroscopy, and Magnetism

ABSTRACT Despite consistent growth in the number of compounds known to host homo‐ and hetero polycations of group 16 elements, only two, Se 4 [HS 2 O 7 ] 2 and Se 4 [S 4 O 13 ], provided an exclusively oxidic coordination environment, the former being the first structural charact...

Gravity in Recognition Science: Results, Consistency Tests, and Open Problems — September 2026

This dated research-program report connects a weak-field lattice graviton reconstruction, horizon-record entropy and gravitational normalization, and a shared classical matter–gauge–geometry action. It preserves constructive results, corrections, consistency tests and open physic...

Gravity in Recognition Science: Results, Consistency Tests, and Open Problems — September 2026

This dated research-program report connects a weak-field lattice graviton reconstruction, horizon-record entropy and gravitational normalization, and a shared classical matter–gauge–geometry action. It preserves constructive results, corrections, consistency tests and open physic...

Clinical outcomes of a two-piece zirconia dental implant system

Abstract Background Data on market-available two-piece zirconia (ZrO₂) dental implants are limited. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a commercially available ZrO₂ implant system over a 24-month period. Materials and method...

Structural performance of cement paste cylinders cured in microgravity on the ISS: effects of air-entraining agent and simulated microgravity conditions

Abstract As humanity looks to the stars for future colonies, mastering the science of construction in space begins with a deep understanding of how materials perform in extraterrestrial environment. This study pioneers investigations of microgravity effects on cement paste bulk p...

Monitoring strategies in adults eligible for pharmacological lipid-lowering therapy

OBJECTIVES: This is a protocol for a Cochrane review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of different laboratory monitoring strategies for treatment efficacy (lipid levels) and treatment safety (hepatic, muscular, and renal parameters) in adults e...

Service delivery interventions for lipid testing and lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults

OBJECTIVES: This is a protocol for a Cochrane review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of service-delivery interventions for lipid testing and lipid-lowering therapies, such as point-of-care testing and non-physician-led or collaborative care pr...