University of Chicago

Clostridioides difficile couples responses to host nutritional immunity and a commensal-derived antibiotic to enable growth in the gut

The Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen Clostridioides difficile colonizes the gut by adapting to an array of threats from the host and the microbiome. A potential threat from the microbiome is the antimicrobial peptide bacitracin, which is produced by the commensal Bacillus lic...

The Modern Urology Pipeline: Career Trajectories of Recent Residency Graduates

INTRODUCTION: Urology residency graduates face a pivotal transition when deciding on fellowship training and eventual practice setting. While traditionally a fellowship was a gateway to academia, recent trends reveal increasing pursuit due to job market concerns and perceived gap...

Lessons From the Communication Bridge Trials: Advancing Meaningful Dyadic Interventions Toward Implementation

Purpose: This review describes the historical motivations, development, and evolution of the Communication Bridge (CB) research program, which is designed to maximize quality of life and minimize burden for individuals living with dementia and their communication partners. The CB...

Unraveling TeV halos with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Abstract Pulsars are observed to emit bright and spatially extended gamma-ray emission at multi-TeV energies. These so-called “TeV halos” are now understood to be a nearly universal feature of middle-aged pulsars. However, many of the key physical processes that govern these syst...

Leveraging the Data to Make Your Case: Demonstrating the Value of Pediatric Hospital Medicine to Hospital Leadership

Effective financial stewardship of any clinical program within an academic medical center or health care organization begins with a clear understanding of how the organization generates revenue and allocates it to programs. While the budget allows leaders to see where their finan...

Growing Up With Social Robots: Scientific, Ethical, and Theological Anthropological Perspectives on Social Robots, AI Companions, and Child and Adolescent Development

We discuss the increasing presence of social robots (SRs) and artificial intelligence (AI) companions in the contemporary ecology of youth development and the role of parasocial relationships created by youth with these technical artifacts, emphasizing the links between parasocia...

The YTHDF proteins modulate Alzheimer’s disease-associated brain gene signatures

Abstract Gene signatures of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains reflect the output of a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, epi-transcriptomic, and post-transcriptional regulations. To nominate candidate factors modulating these signatures, we developed a machine learning model...

A designer pore-blocking peptide reveals an electrostatic complementation mechanism for the inhibition-resistant Kv1.5 channel

Most voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are inhibited by peptide neurotoxins that occlude the pore with a positively-charged lysine. Kv1.5 repels these toxins electrostatically via four arginines (R487), one on each pore-forming subunit. Here, we describe chimera toxin (CmTx),...

Beyond Planar Graphene: Roughness‐Conforming Microlaminates Enable Superior Heat Removal

ABSTRACT The escalating cooling demands of high‐heat‐flux electronic systems require materials that deliver efficient heat spreading, phase‐change enhancement, and scalable manufacturability—capabilities rarely found simultaneously on a single platform. Here, we introduce a micro...

Introduction: Indexing Persons

Abstract This article introduces the special issue, “Indexing Persons.” In this introduction, we distinguish persona- and person-indexing registers . While the former refers to speech registers that enact social types of personhood, the latter denotes registers whose indexical va...

Immune Checkpoint B7-H3 Inhibition Reprograms Acute Neuroinflammation and Protects the Brain After Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND: The role of immune checkpoint B7-H3 in acute ischemic stroke prognosis and poststroke immunosuppression remains uninvestigated, despite the clinical significance of immune checkpoints with inflammaging and poststroke infections. In this study, we investigated the effe...

New pectoral fin material from the Late Devonian of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada and diversity of the radius in finned tetrapodomorphs

The paired fins of stem tetrapods (tetrapodomorphs) have been studied extensively to understand both the phylogenetic framework of early tetrapods and the functional context of the fin-to-limb transition. Attention has predominantly been focused on a few exemplar taxa with well-p...

Pattern-Anchored Diagnosis of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Position Paper From COST Action INTERCEPTOR Working Group 2

Abstract Purpose Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the principal histopathological marker for malignant risk stratification in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Current World Health Organisation (WHO) three-tier and other binary grading systems are limited by modest...

Impact of Omitting Observation-Status Data on Hospital Readmission Metric for Pediatric Care

OBJECTIVES: Literature from Medicare beneficiaries suggests that hospital readmission metrics limited to inpatient encounters, omitting observation-status data, may not fully capture hospital performance and affect rankings. The impact of omitting observation-status data on this...

Angiography-Derived vs Wire-Based Physiological Assessment in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

This study aimed to determine whether angiography-based physiological assessment yields clinical outcomes comparable to those of conventional wire-based pressure measurements in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing evaluation of intermediate coronary stenoses. A...

Workload and Perceived Burden From a National Survey of Surgeons

Importance Surgeon workload is substantial, but data characterizing perceived burden are scarce, limiting workforce planning, surgeon well-being, and patient safety. Objective To characterize surgeon workload and factors associated with perceived burden. Design, Setting, and Part...

ORCHA: A performance portability system for extreme heterogeneity

Heterogeneity is the prevalent trend in the rapidly evolving high-performance computing (HPC) landscape in both hardware and application software. The diversity in hardware platforms, currently comprising various accelerators and a future possibility of specializable chiplets, po...

Does the National Resident Matching Program Rank List Predict Accreditation College of Graduate Medical Education Trainee Performance Among Multispecialty Pain Medicine Fellows? A Multicenter Study

Abstract Background Training programs seek to match fellows who will perform well during training. The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) allows programs to choose the most capable trainees, with higher ranked applicants expected to perform better. Pain medicine is one of...

Interhospital Transfer Patients With Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: An Evaluation of the Role for Pretransport Operation

BACKGROUND: Early debridement is the cornerstone of treatment for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI), but patients are frequently transferred for management. We described practice patterns, hypothesizing that pre-transfer NSTI debridement is associated with improved outcom...

Network models of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix mechanics

Network models offer a powerful framework for linking filament-scale properties to cell and tissue mechanobiology. Lattice-based, off-lattice, and active network approaches explain emergent phenomena including nonlinear elasticity, rigidity transitions, and force transmission in...