University of Chicago

Vertical Excitation Energies in Solution via a Two-Time-Scale Solvation Model Coupled to Pair-Density Functional Theory

Abstract Calculations of many electronically excited states in solution require both a multiconfigurational treatment of the solute and an efficient treatment of solvent effects. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) and its multistate, linearized extension...

Multireference Density Matrix Embedding for Spin-Phonon Relaxation

Abstract Spin-phonon coupling governs magnetic relaxation in numerous systems, including single-molecule magnets and molecular spin qubits. In most cases, the accurate prediction of spin relaxation rates requires multireference electronic structure methods, but their computationa...

Return of Mailed Multitarget Stool DNA Test Kits and Subsequent Colorectal Cancer Incidence in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION: Completion of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is essential to realizing the benefits of early detection and prevention; however, many individuals do not complete screening after a test is provided. The association between screening completion and subsequent CRC in...

Lateral sclerosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an upper motor neuron distal axonopathy (“dying back”): a clinical-neuropathological study

Abstract The hallmark neuropathological feature of upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the “sclerosis” of the lateral corticospinal tract (CST)—the major axonal pathway connecting UMNs to lower motor neurons (LMNs). However, few studies...

Adjuvant Systemic Hypothermia During Mechanical Thrombectomy (ReCCLAIM II): A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia reduces ischemic injury in preclinical stroke models, yet translation into the clinical setting remains challenging. We aimed to assess the feasibility of inducing adjuvant systemic hypothermia among patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke during mecha...

Further Redefining Motivation with Situated Cognition, Power, and Belonging

Abstract This article contributes to a growing convergence across educational psychology, the learning sciences, and culturally responsive education by further redefining motivation as an interactional and socially situated phenomenon. We review and extend ongoing efforts to chal...

Millimeter-Scale, Atomically Controlled 2D Topological Insulators Revealed by Multimodal Spectroscopy

Abstract Quantum spin Hall insulators, also known as 2D topological insulators, are crucial 2D systems hosting topologically protected edge states. The working temperature of this topological quantum phase is dictated by the inverted bandgap. However, the previously identified la...

Tobacco use moderates associations between cannabis use, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive performance in psychosis spectrum disorders

Tobacco and cannabis use are highly prevalent among individuals with psychotic disorders. Tobacco use has been consistently linked to poorer clinical and cognitive outcomes, whereas findings regarding cannabis use remain mixed. The present study was a secondary analysis of cross-...

Non-invertible anyon condensation and level-rank dualities

We derive new dualities of topological quantum field theories in three spacetime dimensions that generalize the familiar level-rank dualities of Chern-Simons gauge theories. The key ingredient in these dualities is non-Abelian anyon condensation, which is a gauging operation for...

Beyond Hill-Type Models: Aligning Experiments and Modeling to Understand Dynamic Muscle Function

Muscle models underpin how exercise, rehabilitation, and human-movement sciences infer muscle force during activity, yet profound gaps remain between traditional measures and models of muscle function and the dynamic features of muscle in natural movement. We review evidence for...

The Identification of the Dynamic Discrete-Choice Model with Stockpiling

We study the identification of the discount factor for dynamic discrete-choice (DDC) models of demand with stockpiling of a storable good. We show that the DDC has built-in exclusion restrictions that set-identify the discount factor without requiring any auxiliary assumptions. W...

A fast radio burst at redshift 2, three billion years after the Big Bang

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients from extragalactic sources. Their frequency and polarization properties are affected by plasma and magnetic fields along the line of sight to Earth. We report radio observations of FRB 20240304B and near-infrared...

The WEST code for large-scale excited-state materials simulations

We present WEST, an open-source plane-wave pseudopotential code for large-scale excited-state materials simulations, and describe its theoretical foundations, software architecture, and capabilities. WEST implements full-frequency GW, quantum defect embedding theory, the Bethe–Sa...

Predicting regional gray swans via translocation: AI weather models and Dubai’s unprecedented 2024 rainfall

Artificial intelligence (AI) models have transformed weather forecasting, but their skill for unprecedented weather extremes is unclear. Here, we analyze GraphCast, AIFS, and FuXi forecasts of the unprecedented 2024 Dubai storm, which had twice the training set’s highest rainfall...

Deploying Meaningful Medical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence Solutions in the Clinical Field: A Call to Action for Researchers in Cardio-Oncology Informatics

Abstract Rapid advances in oncology care have resulted in a growing population of cancer survivors, many of whom suffer from short- and long-term cancer therapy related cardiovascular toxicities (CTR-CVT). Cardio-oncology aims to diagnose and manage these cardiovascular condition...

Emotional predictors of returning a favour: Behavioural experiments in the United States and Japan

Abstract We examined emotional predictors of favour‐returning behaviour in the United States (Study 1) and tested whether the findings in the United States would replicate in a culturally different context in Japan (Study 2). In both experiments, participants played a collaborati...

Does Complexation of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol with Phospholipids Determine its Transbilayer Distribution?

The transbilayer distribution of cholesterol in the plasma membrane is unresolved in that diverse analyses have yielded contradictory results. We now propose a model based on a novel mechanism. It assumes that (a) sterols associate stoichiometrically with phospholipids and (b) th...

Latent profiles of change in opioid-related stigma and predictors of profile membership within a nationally representative, weighted sample in the United States

Background Stigma is a well-established barrier to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment initiation and outcomes. However, research has yet to fully describe if and how national public OUD stigma changes over time in the absence of formal intervention. Utilizing a longitudinal, nat...

Building blocks of localized storm tracks: revisiting asymmetries between the NH and SH in storm track strength

An intermediate-complexity moist general circulation model is used to investigate the forcing of localized storm tracks by land–sea contrast, horizontal gradients in ocean heat uptake, planetary albedo, and topography. The additivity of the response to these building blocks is in...

Overlapping Schwarz Scheme for Linear-Quadratic Programs in Continuous Time

We present an optimize-then-discretize framework for solving linear-quadratic optimal control problems (OCPs) governed by time-inhomogeneous ordinary differential equations. Our method employs a modified overlapping Schwarz decomposition based on the Pontryagin Minimum Principle,...