University of Cambridge

Estimating differing causal roles of glutamate and GABA genes on brain and behavior in autism

Abstract The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance theory suggests that excitatory and inhibitory alterations underlies autism characteristics. However, genetic underpinnings of this imbalance and its impact on brain function and behavior remains unclear. We explored causal links...

Bateman–Horn, polynomial Chowla and the Hasse principle with probability 1

Abstract With probability 1, we assess the average behaviour of various arithmetic functions at the values of degree 𝑑 polynomials f ∈ Z ⁢ [ t ] f\in\mathbb{Z}[t] that are ordered by height. This allows us to establish averaged versions of the Bateman–Horn conjecture, the polynom...

New insights on the Feeding Site and Salivation by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) During Blood Ingestion on Host Skin

Abstract Phlebotomine sand flies are major vectors of Leishmania parasites, yet the mechanisms underlying their blood-feeding behavior remain poorly understood. In Lutzomyia longipalpis , the primary vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas, feeding occurs via telmophagy, a...

Characteristic-Vector Congruences for Weak Primary Pseudoperfect and Giuga numbers

Let $\mu\in\{-1,1\}$, and suppose that an integer $n>1$ satisfies \[a:=\frac{\mu}{n}+\sum_{p\mid n}\frac1p\in\mathbb Z.\] Writing $r=\omega(n)$ for the number of distinct prime divisors of $n$, we associate to $(n,a,\mu)$ an integral unimodular star lattice of determinant $\mu$ a...

Voltage‐Driven Non‐Volatile Interconversion Between Giant Single‐Domain and Multidomain Magnetic States in a Multiferroic Heterostructure

ABSTRACT Voltage control of magnetic states in multiferroic heterostructures represents a promising route toward voltage‐programmable magnetic devices. However, it remains challenging to achieve deterministic and non‐volatile electrical control of well‐defined magnetic states wit...

Integration of lipidomic and polygenic risk scores within contemporary clinical cardiovascular risk assessment pathways: a multi-cohort development and validation study

Background Guideline-recommended clinical risk scores such as AusCVDRisk underestimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a substantial proportion of individuals who later experience events, with up to 65% initially classified as low or intermediate risk. This limitation is mos...

“Thin Adoption” and Hidden Costs of OpenBIM Interoperability: Mixed-Methods Study in China’s Construction Industry

Abstract Building information modeling (BIM) is a collaborative process for creating and managing digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of facilities, central to the digital transformation of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) indus...

Affected others’ perspectives on the burden, drivers, and prevention of gambling-related harms: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Gambling is increasingly recognised as a public health concern, with harms extending beyond individuals who gamble to families and communities. However, young people and adults affected by others’ gambling remain under-represented in research on harm preventio...

Identifying active surfaces for C2 decomposition relevant to the FC-CVD CNT synthesis process

Selecting for high quality carbon nanotube (CNT) growth during the floating catalyst vapour deposition (FC-CVD) synthesis process remains a challenge due to the coupling of physical and chemical phenomena inside the reactor. While there is evidence implicating C2 species as the p...

Latent paths in mode choice models: incorporating street-level environment features for active travel policy

There is growing empirical evidence that walking and cycling are influenced by street-level environment features such as greenness and traffic stress. To assess active travel policy, these features are increasingly incorporated into mode choice models through predictors that aggr...

Gender Bias in Clinical Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share overlapping clinical features including social cognitive differences, interpersonal difficulties, emotional dysregulation, and alexithymia. The two conditions show different gender prevalen...

Compositional neurosymbolic representations enable efficient active exploration

Abstract Autonomous systems that learn and explore over long horizons face a problem. Standard methods scale poorly in the number of observations, n , precluding sustained operation on bounded hardware. We show that compositional, high-dimensional vector representations inspired...

Identification, validation, and prediction of longitudinal recovery phenotypes in degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of prospective cohorts and a randomised controlled trial

Background Symptom evolution in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is traditionally characterized by severity of neurological deficit. A recent expert consensus challenged this view, proposing that DCM fluctuates across neurological, functional and health-related quality of l...

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Source of Biomarkers for Kidney Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant rejection remains a leading cause of graft loss, and diagnosis still depends largely on invasive biopsies. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) offer a potential noninvasive alternative for detecting allograft rejection through molecular profiling o...

Education, diversity and progress

Abstract Around the world, girls and women are much less likely to be able to access a good education, and even in countries like the UK, stereotyping can deter girls from pursuing careers in subjects like the physical sciences, engineering and computing. Yet, many daily decision...

Exploring Youth-Centred Co-Creation in Digital Heritage Interpretation: A Participatory Design Approach

Heritage interpretation and presentation are integral to heritage management and conservation, particularly when addressing a vulnerable audience such as children and young people. Today, youth are deeply immersed in technology, relying on it in their daily activities. To connect...

Lé co crie ‘Cocolîncheux’

Abstract This study considers the way in which the arts can play an important role in language planning. It focuses on Jèrriais, the critically endangered variety of Norman spoken in Jersey, one of the British Channel Islands. The discussion considers initiatives from across the...

Machine learning of artistic fingerprints in jazz

Abstract Artists are often recognizable through collections of distinctive patterns (‘fingerprints’) in their work. Identifying such traits has important applications in authorship attribution, education, cultural heritage research and historical analysis. Here we focus on music,...

Exercise and Brain Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Review of Cognitive Benefits, Mechanisms, and Neurodegeneration Prevention

Menopause represents a major neuroendocrine transition characterized by substantial hormonal, metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory changes that may increase vulnerability to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Declining estrogen levels during the menopausal transiti...

Same Coeffect, Different Base: Connecting Two Dominant Approaches to Graded Types

Graded types provide a way to augment a type system with fine-grained information, e.g., to track side effects or context dependence and resource use (called coeffects ). Graded types for coeffects have found their way into languages such as Haskell, Idris, and Granule, enabling...