University of Cambridge

Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine levels differ by disease severity in major depressive disorder

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) lacks established biological markers, although immune dysregulation and gut-derived inflammation have been implicated in a subset of patients; however, their diagnostic utility across levels of depression severity and impact of...

HOLLYWOOD BEAT MAGAZINE - GIORDANO'S MARINA JOURNEY - NOMINATED FOR INTERNATIONAL OPERA AWARDS

GIORDANO’S "MARINA" JOURNEY EMERGES AS A SINGULAR TESTAMENT TO CONTEMPORARY OPERATIC INVENTIVENESS, INTERWEAVING LUMINOUS VOCAL WRITING WITH A NARRATIVE OF PROFOUND HUMAN TENACITY. ITS NOMINATION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL OPERA AWARDS SIGNIFIES NOT MERELY AN ACCOLADE, BUT A RECOGNITI...

Les Houches study on inclusive jet production at NNLO+NNLL

Jet production at the LHC is a powerful probe of QCD, making it ideal for precision tests and determinations of QCD parameters such as parton distribution functions and the strong coupling constant. To make the most of the abundant jet production data collected at the LHC, precis...

Experimental constraints on pre-eruptive conditions at Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011, and implications for sulphur emissions

Abstract We present new experimental constraints on the pre-eruptive magma storage conditions at Nabro Volcano, Eritrea, prior to its 2011 eruption, and discuss the implications for sulphur emissions. We find that the magma was likely stored in the shallow crust prior to eruption...

SurvSurf: a partially monotonic neural network for first-hitting time prediction of intermittently observed discrete and continuous sequential events

Abstract We propose SurvSurf, a neural-network-based survival model for direct, simultaneous probabilistic prediction of first-hitting times of sequential events from baseline. Unlike existing models, SurvSurf is theoretically guaranteed to never violate the monotonic relationshi...

Maternal DNA repair safeguards genome stability during the oocyte-to-embryo transition

Abstract De novo mutations are a major source of genetic variation and disease risk, yet the developmental timing and mechanisms underlying their origin require further investigation. While germ cells have traditionally been considered the primary source of these mutations, incre...

Slow stellar halo rotation as a signature of disc flips and GES-like mergers

Abstract The stellar halo of the Milky Way (MW) exhibits a weak net prograde rotational signal (vφ ≲ 25 km s−1), yet its origin remains unexplained. To investigate this, we use the Auriga cosmological simulation suite of MW-mass haloes to probe the rotation of stellar haloes over...

Longitudinal dynamics of gene expression and metabolomics in an aging population cohort

Multiomic profiling provides a comprehensive physiological overview at the molecular level, but understanding of its spatiotemporal dynamics remains limited in human populations. We profiled longitudinal whole-blood gene expression and metabolite levels in 335 females over 8 year...

What we know about executive function research in Africa: A scoping review

The developmental literature has seen an increase in studies on children's executive function (EF) across diverse populations, given its importance for early childhood development and later-life outcomes. However, a small but increasing number of studies have focused on children'...

Weighted sliced inverse regression for scalable supervised dimensionality reduction of spatial transcriptomics data

Abstract With the dramatic take-up of spatially resolved transcriptomics biotechnologies, performing spatially-aware analysis of the resulting data is crucial to maximise advances in biological understanding. Dimensionality reduction is a first step in almost any analysis of spat...

Tumor-derived antioxidants suppress immunity by depriving T cells of reactive oxygen species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote genomic instability and fuel oncogenic signaling in cancer, but antioxidant therapies have so far failed to improve, or worsen, cancer outcomes. Emerging data suggest that T cells depend on ROS for signal transduction. In this study, we show...

Hot blue progenitors of stellar-mass black holes

Abstract While the connection between massive stars and supernova explosions is well established observationally, the link between massive stars and black hole formation remains elusive. Some massive stars may collapse directly to black holes without a successful supernova, and m...

The Adoption Problem and the Nature of General Belief

Abstract The Adoption Problem suggests that it is impossible to rationally choose or adopt new basic logical principles. It aims to refute cognitivist views according to which adopting a logical principle is accepting or coming to believe a general principle, and then applying it...

Simultaneous bilateral medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy with early weight bearing results in low adverse event rates, satisfactory early recovery and high return to work rate

Abstract Background Bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis with varus alignment may be treated with staged or simultaneous medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). Simultaneous bilateral MOWHTO may reduce the overall rehabilitation burden, but concerns remai...

Monomer-biased manufacture of industrial-scale colloidal photonic films

Complex functions in nature arise from the ordered assembly of simple building blocks. Transformation of colloidal aggregates into industrial-scale photonic crystals under rapid ambient conditions remains challenging owing to high energy barriers and limited assembly control. In...

Theoretical analysis of thermodynamic matrix inversion: first-order equivalence to preconditioned gradient descent and implications for analog computing

Recent research has demonstrated the possibility of exploiting the thermodynamics of coupled electrical oscillators to implement computational tasks such as matrix inversion. While physical implementations rely on thermal noise to drive equilibration, we show that the underlying...

From Manipulation to Meaning-Making: Dialogic Inquiry in Virtual-Lab-Supported Physics Classrooms in Brazil

Abstract Although virtual laboratories (VLs) have been widely promoted as tools for expanding inquiry-based science learning, their potential for supporting dialogic inquiry in limited resource areas remains underexplored. This study investigates how the affordances of VLs are en...

The global diffusion limit for the space-dependent variable-order time-fractional diffusion equation

Abstract The diffusion equation and its time-fractional counterpart can be obtained via the diffusion limit of continuous time random walks with exponential and heavy-tailed waiting time distributions. The space-dependent variable-order time-fractional diffusion equation is a gen...

Regulatory mechanisms of maternal imprinting at the murine Dlk1-Dio3 domain

Abstract Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process causing parent-of-origin specific gene expression. The Dlk1-Dio3 domain is one of the largest imprinted clusters. While DNA methylation at an intergenic CpG-island (IG-CGI) within the imprinting control region (ICR) controls ex...

Septin architecture dictates size-dependent diffusion barriers on biomimetic membranes

Abstract Septins are cytoskeletal filaments bound to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, essential for cell division. They are involved in the formation of diffusion barriers for membrane-bound components. Whether septins directly function as barriers or as part of a broade...