University of Arizona

Nutrient stress reduces the extent but increases the intensity of root-driven destabilization of mineral-associated organic matter

Abstract Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) constitutes a vast terrestrial carbon reservoir, yet its vulnerability to plant root activity remains poorly constrained. Here, we show that MAOM destabilization by plant roots is governed by two distinct factors: the overall exte...

Iron, Tuberculosis, and Particle-Related Exposures Including Smoking

The availability of iron controls the abundance and diversity of life. Microbial pathways for iron acquisition account for their replication and virulence. The balance of interactions defining a microbial community can be altered by environmental stress. Decreased iron availabili...

Unearthing Indigenous Seed Collections: The State of Ethnobotanical Holdings in US Museums and University Repositories

Abstract Indigenous communities and scholars are calling for archaeologists and museum professionals to critically assess stewardship of Indigenous agricultural seeds and ethnobotanical collections housed in museums and other institutions and the rematriation of these important c...

Ferroptosis as a target mechanism in heart and kidney disease

Ferroptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and redox imbalance. Since its formal recognition in 2012, ferroptosis has emerged as a central pathway linking metabolic stress and oxidative injury to both physiologic and pathologic processes....

Mean-field path-integral diffusion from samples to interacting agents

Abstract Moving probability distributions in the context of stochastic processes efficiently is central to modern generative modeling, uncertainty quantification, and control of large engineered systems. Most current methods generate temporal trajectories independently, leaving o...

Reassessment of a cosmic ray increase event in 1279/1280 CE using carbon-14 records of tree rings.

Extreme solar energetic particle events (ESPEs) rarely occur on the Sun, as known from cosmogenic isotope proxies, the primary being 14C measured in tree rings. Several such events have been identified in tree-ring 14C data as sharp spikes. The most recent spike, around 1279 CE,...

An integrated classification framework for open pit–underground mining transitions and interactions

Open pit-to-underground (OP–UG) transitions extend mine life, but create coupled systems requiring coordinated surface and underground decisions. The literature remains fragmented, with inconsistent and uneven reporting that limits cross-case comparison. This study presents a Pre...

Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Next-Generation Gut Microbiome Modulators in Sustainable Aquaculture Health

Widespread antibiotic use in aquaculture has increased selective pressure on resident bacterial communities, accelerating the emergence of resistance in key pathogens and raising concerns for animal health, environmental microbiomes, and food-chain safety. Reducing dependence on...

Macroevolutionary Rates of Species Interactions: Approximate Bayesian Inference from Cophylogenies

Abstract Understanding the macroevolutionary dynamics of species interactions such as parasitisms, commensalisms, and mutualisms is an important goal in evolutionary ecology. To this end, statistical inference from time-calibrated cophylogenies holds promising potential. However,...

Correlated-electron theory of triplet–triplet multiexciton states in polypentacene

We present correlated-electron calculations of optical spin-singlet and triplet-triplet multiexciton states in three- and four-unit pentacene oligomers as microscopic models for polypentacene. The calculations use the Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian, multiple-reference singles and...

Menopause in the All of Us Research Program: a descriptive summary of electronic health record and survey response across sociodemographic characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective Menopause is a significant physiological transition with implications for health outcomes (e.g., cardiometabolic), yet gaps remain in understanding the menopause transition, including how menopause timing and type influence health outcomes. Large-scale cohort s...

DRY_NAM: A multifaceted annual drought feature dataset for the North American Monsoon region during 1960–2024 based on a daily soil water content model

The DRY_NAM dataset provides a comprehensive characterization of annual drought facets across the North American Monsoon (NAM) region from 1960 to 2024. The dataset is based on a new methodological analytical framework applied to daily soil water content time series. It includes...

Pallas’s cat at the capital’s gates: persistence in a changing Mongolian landscape

Abstract Small carnivores, such as the Pallas’s cat ( Otocolobus manul ), play important ecological roles but remain poorly studied in many parts of their range, particularly in landscapes undergoing rapid human-induced change. We investigated Pallas’s cat occupancy and activity...

Breast cancer risk, epigenetic aging and DNA methylation clocks

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States, and is globally a common and impactful cancer. Its distinct molecular subtypes, each defined by characteristic genomic and epigenomic profiles, var...

Disappearing Voices, Emerging Resistance: Journalism, Language, and Social Inequality in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands

This article examines how linguistic, geographic, and racial inequalities shape journalism in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. Focusing on Southern Arizona, it analyzes the rise of two community-driven Spanish-language news startups following the closure of the city’s only Spanish-la...

Late Miocene capybara in the Atacama Desert reveals a wetter climate and a transcontinental dispersal pathway

Abstract We report the oldest record of a capybara (Caviidae: Hydrochoerinae) in Chile, dated at ca. 8.8 Ma, which along with paleobotanical proxy records, indicates a markedly wetter late Miocene Atacama Desert. Today hyperarid, the Atacama contrasts sharply with the semiaquatic...

When “Signals” Boomerang: Employers’ Reactions to a Novel Signaling Mechanism

Information asymmetry is a persistent challenge in online labor markets because employers cannot directly observe worker quality. Platforms attempt to mitigate this problem by introducing signaling mechanisms. We examine how employers respond to a novel signaling device: a volunt...

CNP-miR146a Promotes NRF2-Related Ferroptosis-Protective Myeloid Programs and Immune–Vascular Regeneration in Diabetic Wounds

Background: Diabetic wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed tissue repair. Ferroptosis has emerged as a potential contributor to diabetic wound pathology; however, its relationship with impaired tissue regeneration r...

Microsynteny Analysis Clarifies the Early Diversification of Cypriniform Fishes

While genomic data are powerfully informative for phylogenetic inference, traditional sequence-based analyses can be confounded by issues like homoplasy and incomplete lineage sorting, leaving deep nodes unresolved. Synteny, the conservation of gene order along a chromosome, pres...

Comparative Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Safety Signals Among Advanced Prostate Cancer Therapies Using FAERS (FDA Adverse Event Reporting System)

Therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer have expanded in recent years, incorporating multiple-system treatment approaches with differing mechanisms of action. However, comparative real-world safety data following drug approval remain limited. As such, the aim of this stu...