Tohoku University

Role of interfacial contact topology in reduction-dependent molten iron–slag dripping through coke-packed beds

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace operations change the reduction state and composition of dripping slag; however, its effects on coupled iron–slag flow through coke-packed beds remain insufficiently quantified. Therefore, dynamic multiphase simulations were performed for molten ir...

Jaguar Conservation Units as an Effective Tool in a Payment for Ecosystem Services Scheme for an Apex Predator

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an operational framework for Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs), emphasizing the role of private rural properties in conserving jaguar populations in Brazil while mitigating human–jaguar conflicts and supporting the implementation of payments for...

Fabrication and performance evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticle modified cellulose/PBS biocomposites

Abstract In this study, jute fiber cellulose (JFC) was extracted from raw jute fibers using an alkaline (NaOH + H 2 O 2 ) chemical treatment. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticle-dispersed cellulosic biocomposite films (JFC-TiO 2 ) were subsequently fabricated and coated with b...

Balanced ElectronDonation Governs Adsorption SiteSelection in CO2 Electroreduction to HCOOH on TransitionMetal-Doped Magnesium Oxides

Abstract Magnesium oxide (MgO) is attractive for CO2 utilization, because interaction with O2. However, the electronic inertness has limited its application in electrochemical catalysis. Herein, spin-polarized dDFT calculations with the BEEF-vdW functional were performed to evalu...

Potassium-Ion Conducting Amorphous-Based Chlorides KTaCl6 Prepared via Mechanochemistry

Abstract All-solid-state potassium batteries have attracted considerable attention as energy storage devices. The development of suitable ionic conductors has received significant attention for the commercialization of the batteries. Here, we report the potassium-ion conductors K...

An N-terminal CDC42 T43I variant reveals the mechanism of pyrin inflammasome activation

Heterozygous carboxyl-terminal variants in the RHO guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) CDC42 are known to cause severe autoinflammatory syndromes. Here, we identified a heterozygous amino-terminal p.T43I (Thr 43 →Ile) CDC42 variant in patients with autoinflammation and uncovered a...

Real-world safety and effectiveness of olaparib maintenance after first-relapse platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in Japan: a multicenter historical cohort (JGOG3026)

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of olaparib maintenance therapy in Japanese patients with platinum-sensitive first-relapsed ovarian cancer. The secondary objective was to survey the treatment given after the olaparib main...

A genotype-first approach reveals the molecular basis of pyrin inflammasome activation

Mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes pyrin, are associated with a spectrum of inflammatory conditions called pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases (PAADs). Of the 400 MEFV variants listed in the Infevers database, most are classified as variants of uncertain significanc...

Detection of Weld Root Crack in Metal Plates with Convolutional Neural Network

The detection of weld root cracks in metal plates using nonlinear ultrasonics and a convolutional neural network (CNN) was investigated. Lamb waves with a fundamental frequency of 0.5 MHz were transmitted into a carbon steel plate specimen, and the waveforms were recorded using a...

Total energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1: Associations with body composition and functional status

Background & Aims Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities and altered body composition, yet energy metabolism under free-living conditions remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to characterize total energy expenditu...

Associations of neurodevelopmental traits and adverse childhood experiences with problem gambling: A nationwide cross‐sectional study

Abstract Aim Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a recognized related factor for gambling problems. Although ADHD frequently co‐occurs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), the interaction of these factors on gambling has not...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Heterogeneity of effects of a mobile health disease management programme on glycaemic control

Background Whether mobile health (mHealth) interventions positively influence glycaemic control remains unclear. This study aimed to identify heterogeneity in the effects of mHealth-based disease management programmes on glycaemic control over a 1-year follow-up period within a t...

Rural community revitalization through disaster tourism in Japan

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET) in 2011 precipitated a profound socio-economic crisis in the Tohoku region, exacerbating pre-existing depopulation and aging trends. In response, the Japanese government’s “New Tohoku” initiative has prioritized rural community...

Serial ultrafine endoscopic assessment of fibrin deposition and neomembrane formation in peritoneal dialysis patients using low glucose degradation product fluid

Preservation of the peritoneum is essential for the safe continuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although PD fluid with low glucose degradation products (low GDP) are widely used, objective macroscopic assessment of the peritoneum during ongoing PD remains limited. We therefore...

Visualization of droplet splashing and droplet trajectory and theoretical prediction of a droplet motion on the geothermal turbine bucket

Abstract Understanding liquid behavior on the surface of rapidly rotating turbine blades is essential for clarifying drain formation in wet-steam turbines. However, direct experimental visualization of droplet impact and subsequent liquid transport under the combined conditions o...

Two stress-responsive kinases suppress ferroptosis by activating antioxidant programs under mild oxidative stress

Cancer cells maintain chronically elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while relying on robust antioxidant programs to preserve redox homeostasis and viability. Although therapeutic strategies that disrupt this balance to induce lethal oxidative stress and ferroptosis...

Factors associated with prolonged hospital stay in mandibular condylar fractures: a multicenter retrospective study in Indonesia

Mandibular condylar fractures constitute a significant proportion of maxillofacial trauma and are associated with functional impairment and increased healthcare utilization. However, factors associated with the duration of hospital stay remain insufficiently understood, particula...

Predicting Poor Efficacy of Cabozantinib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma by Exploratory Metabolic Pathway Analysis and In Vitro Verification

ABSTRACT Background Cabozantinib (CABO) is currently an essential drug for first‐line and sequential therapy in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Predicting its therapeutic efficacy will enable efficient drug selection and improve the prognosis of patients. We...