The University of Tokyo

Hamiltonian structure of passive defect dynamics in two-dimensional nematic liquid crystals in unbounded domains

Abstract Hamiltonian structures for the passive dynamics of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals in two-dimensional systems are presented. Following the work by Miyoshi et al. (Miyoshi et al. 2024 Proc. R. Soc. A 480, 20240405. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2024.0405)), which demon...

Can Chemoradiotherapy Expand Immune Checkpoint Blockade Responsiveness in Mismatch Repair‐Proficient Rectal Cancer?

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the treatment of mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer but produces no meaningful benefit in advanced mismatch repair‐proficient (pMMR) disease. In the neoadjuvant setting, however, pathological responses have...

Impact of Inhibitor Size and Flexibility on the Binding Pathways to c-Src Kinase

Abstract The conformational plasticity of protein kinases poses a challenge for inhibitor design, motivating the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study their dynamic binding processes. While conformational changes are increasingly discussed, the impact of drug compou...

A Capsid Tyrosine Residue Governs the Proteolytic Inactivation of Echovirus 11 in Lakewater

Abstract Enteroviruses are environmentally transmissible human pathogens whose stability in natural waters varies widely, yet the molecular determinants underlying this variability remain largely unknown. Echovirus 11 (E11), a reemerging cause of severe neonatal infections, is ef...

Amorphous Tungsten Driving Extraordinary Long‐Range Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Large Spin‐Orbit Torque

ABSTRACT Artificially‐designed magnetic hetero‐structures with an antiferromagnetic alignment of magnetization in magnetic layers, which exploit the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) through a non‐magnetic layer, are called synthetic antiferromagnets (SyAF) and are a treasure tr...

Effects of residency matching policies on regional distribution of residents: a simulation study using a stable matching algorithm

Abstract Background Appropriate geographical allocation of medical residents is often proposed to alleviate the regional maldistribution of physicians in Japan; however, its effectiveness remains unclear. We assessed the impact of adjusting residency positions and evaluated the e...

Rapid fluvial response to meter-scale coseismic coastal uplift during the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake

Abstract The response of river profiles to relative base-level change is a key topic in earth surface processes, but observations capturing these changes on unconsolidated deposits at a 1–10 years timescales are scarce. We monitored geomorphic changes at the Hakka River mouth aft...

Short‐Term Changes in General and Central Adiposity and Subsequent Cardiometabolic Risk in Japanese Adults Undergoing Routine Health Screening

ABSTRACT Objective Annual health screening provides repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and waist‐based indices, but the implications of short‐term changes in general and central adiposity for cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. We examined whether 1‐year changes in B...

Glutathione acts as an exometabolite that promotes growth recovery in fission yeast with defects in amino acid metabolism and cell polarity

ABSTRACT Microorganisms in nature form communities through diverse interactions, such as mutualism and competition, to adapt to their ecological environments. These interactions seem to be mediated by extracellular metabolites (exometabolites), yet the chemical and biological div...

Criteria for unbiased estimation: applications to noise-agnostic sensing and quantum channel estimation

We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for local unbiased estimation in multi-parameter estimation tasks. More specifically, we first consider quantum state estimation, where multiple parameters are encoded in a quantum state, and derive simple and intuitive necessa...

Explaining COVID-19 Tokyo metro station-level ridership disruption and recovery: pre-pandemic demand, built environment and centrality

COVID-19 caused severe and uneven metro ridership declines. This study examines station-level annual ridership change in Tokyo from 2020 to 2023 relative to 2019, integrating pre-pandemic demand, built environment, and network centrality. Its main contribution is to identify how...

Probing sub-nanosecond timing properties of micron-scale transition edge sensors via a parallel SQUID-semiconductor readout scheme

Abstract The transition edge sensor (TES) is known for its superior energy resolution and utilized in diverse physics experiments. TESs with micrometer dimensions have photon-number-resolving capabilities in infrared wavelengths, serving as a key device particularly for non-Gauss...

Dynamics-based forward kinematics estimation for Stewart platform using unscented Kalman filter with extended actuator observations

This paper presents a dynamics-based approach for solving the forward kinematics problem of Stewart–Gough platforms using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) with extended actuator observations. Unlike conventional methods that rely solely on geometric relationships or require addit...

Progressive micrographia in Parkinson’s disease is associated with multidimensional cognitive and motor features

Abstract Progressive micrographia, characterized by a gradual reduction in handwriting size, is a common yet incompletely understood feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been associated with both motor and cognitive impairment; however, the clinical characteristics associa...

Effect of thermal modeling assumptions on prediction accuracy and computational efficiency in laser-arc hybrid welding simulation

Laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) imposes steep, localized thermal gradients demanding computationally expensive thermo-elastic-plastic (TEP) finite element analysis. To quantify the trade-off between physical fidelity and computational efficiency, three TEP models of LAHW on a 300...

Weak Ferromagnetism in NiS 2 under Nanocrystallization

Structurally well-ordered NiS 2 nanocrystals with an average diameter of 27.0 ± 6.5 nm retain the bulk-like two-step antiferromagnetic transitions, as shown by magnetization and heat-capacity measurements. Below the lower transition, the nanocrystals exhibit a hysteretic ferromag...

High-Field Specific Heat and Fundamental Superconducting Properties of the Single-Phase Type-II Superconductor V 3 Si

The specific heat data above the upper critical magnetic field H c2 , the angular dependence of H c2 , and fundamental superconducting parameters were consequently determined. The V 3 Si sample used in this research does not exhibit the structural transition and its high quality...

L-Glutamate production from nitrogen gas by co-culturing Corynebacterium glutamicum with Azotobacter vinelandii

Abstract Biological nitrogen fixation has attracted considerable attention as an alternative to Haber–Bosch-dependent fermentation processes and agricultural systems. Azotobacter vinelandii, a well-established model organism for aerobic nitrogen fixation, has been engineered to p...

The parent bodies of Ryugu and Ivuna formed before those of other carbonaceous chondrites

Most carbonaceous chondrite (CC) meteorites contain abundant chondrules, millimeter-scale spherical inclusions of previously molten material. Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrites (CIs) do not contain chondrules, nor do samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu. CIs and Ryugu share...

Starvation suppression in dense scale-free metabolic networks: Dynamical mean-field analysis of catalytic reaction networks

Cellular metabolic networks exhibit scale-free topologies with power-law degree distributions across diverse organisms. Although such topologies are often linked to mutational robustness and evolutionary advantage, their role in metabolic dynamics remains unclear. Using dynamical...