The University of Tokyo

Characterisation of a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope at the base of the HA head of influenza A(H3N2) virus

Background Numerous broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses have recognised conserved epitopes across HA subtypes or within subtypes. Most heterosubtypic mAbs target the HA stem, the receptor-binding site (RBS), o...

Osteosarcopenia Revisited: From Mechanisms to Management

Abstract Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are characterized by insufficient mass and function of skeletal muscle and bone, and often co-occur in older persons, a condition called osteosarcopenia. Loss of bone and skeletal muscle mass and function is driven by multiple risk factors tha...

P1.196. Short-Term Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Versus Conventional Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Study in Japan

Abstract Topic Esophageal Cancer: Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Cancer – early outcomes and complications Background Although the clinical application of robot-assisted esophagectomy (RE) has increased globally, its advantages over conventional thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE)...

Dual-oxygen pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate basal–classical heterogeneity validated by spatial transcriptomics

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) comprises heterogeneous classical and basal-like subtypes. Although pancreatic cancer organoids (PCOs) are widely used, normoxic cultures preferentially maintain the classical subtype, limiting their ability to represent intrinsic intratumo...

Snow microinvertebrates from lowlands, high mountains and the Arctic—implications for conservation efforts

Abstract The protection of cryospheric ecosystems and their biota cannot be properly defined without a detailed species inventory. Snow microinvertebrates are crucial for estimating cryophilic biodiversity, yet they are poorly described at broader spatial scales. To fill this kno...

Structure-function relationships of circumpapillary choroidal thickness in normal-tension glaucoma with and without high myopia

To evaluate the relationship between circumpapillary choroidal thickness (cpChT) and visual field sensitivity (VFS) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes, and to determine whether high myopia (HM) modifies these structure-function associations. Retrospective observational study....

Geneformer-guided multiomics integration identifies Pbx1 as a network hub of hematopoietic stem cell aging

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) constitute an organized hematopoietic system that undergoes age-related alterations, including increased platelet production and decreased erythropoiesis. The fundamental mechanisms driving these shifts remain incompletely understood. We used singl...

Generalizing molecular design via flexible search space control

Abstract Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have made in silico molecular design a powerful approach for exploring chemical space toward specific goals. However, despite the need for trial-and-error adjustment of generative strategies and reward formulations, m...

Utilization of photovoltaic waste glass as fine aggregate in cement mortar: Effects of glass type, nitric acid treatment, and fly ash on alkali-silica reaction expansion and strength

This study investigates the feasibility of using photovoltaic (PV) waste glass as a sustainable fine aggregate replacement for natural sand in mortar by evaluating its alkali-silica reaction (ASR) reactivity and mechanical performance. Two types of waste glass, cover glass and su...

Dehnel's phenomenon is not a simple reduction of size: seasonal change in skull shape of the long-clawed shrew (Soricidae, Mammalia)

Abstract Dehnel's phenomenon—a reversible seasonal reduction and regrowth of body size, skull, brain and visceral organs—is an extreme adaptive strategy, enabling small mammals to survive winter energetic constraints. First described in the common shrew Sorex araneus, similar sea...

Characteristics of tropical clouds with strong updrafts revealed by Doppler-velocity measurements from EarthCARE/CPR

Abstract. Updrafts within clouds are important for the climate system, yet global assessments have traditionally relied on indirect proxies. The EarthCARE satellite's 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) provides the first global, spaceborne Doppler velocity (Vd) profiles of clouds...

Using drift coefficients as a basis for inferring times, effective population sizes, and genetic adaptations

Genetic drift and gene flow can give rise to a complex population genetic structure. The inverse problem of estimating the genetic drift and gene flow in the past, based on the present-day genomic population structure, can be solved using an admixture graph. This describes the di...

2-arm-PEG-OligocationsTransiently Shield theLiver Sinusoids to Mitigate Off-Target Hepatic Expression of mRNALipid Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs) are powerful platforms for mRNA-based vaccines and immunotherapies; however, their intrinsic liver tropism compromises both safety and efficacy. Off-target hepatic protein expression from delivered mRNA raises safety concerns, and he...

Comparative Analysis of Ion and Electron Contributions to Ionospheric Ionization at Auroral and Subauroral Latitudes

Abstract Electron and proton precipitation into the nightside ionosphere is a key process in magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling. Although auroral electron precipitation at –10 keV is traditionally considered the main driver of auroral emissions, recent studies show that keV electr...

Working conditions, career barriers and perceived equity among neuro-oncology professionals: insights from the Japan society for neuro-oncology (JSNO) gender equality and diversity committee survey

<title>Abstract</title> Background Gender equity, work–life balance, and career development have become important concerns in the medical profession. However, empirical evidence on how neuro-oncology professionals experience working conditions, career barriers, and perceived ineq...

Occlusion-Robust Cattle Pose Estimation for Precision Livestock Monitoring Using Hierarchical Locality Refinement

Accurate cattle pose estimation is important for precision livestock farming because body landmarks can provide quantitative visual inputs for potential health monitoring, behavior analysis, lameness assessment, and welfare evaluation. This study focuses on keypoint-localization...

Impact of the modified Frailty Index-5 on treatment selection and prognosis in octogenarians with bladder cancer eligible for radical cystectomy: a single-center, retrospective study

<title>Abstract</title> Background Developing treatment strategies for bladder cancer in octogenarians remains challenging owing to concerns regarding surgical invasiveness and the risk of undertreatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the modified Frailty Index-5 score on tr...

Screening of Xeroprotectants for Efficient MammalianCell Structural Preservation in Dry Conditions

Abstract Anhydrobiosis, the ability of organisms to survive extreme conditions such as desiccation, may represent a sustainable alternative to liquid-nitrogen (liquid nitrogen)-based cryopreservation once it can be induced in mammalian cells and germplasm. While natural xeroprote...

Controlling Valence Band for Cu2Sn0.38Ge0.62S3 Particles via Li Substitution at Cu Sites

Abstract Cu2(Sn,Ge)S3 (CTGS) is a promising near-infrared-responsive photocathode material whose conduction band minimum can be tuned by varying the Sn/Ge ratio, whereas direct control of the valence band maximum (VBM) remains challenging because of the large Cu 3d contribution t...

Prevalence and Characteristics of Urinary Catheter Blockage in Patients With Long‐Term Urinary Catheterization: A Cross‐Sectional Study

AIMS: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of urinary catheter blockage in older patients using objective indicators and to characterize obstructive materials and microbiota. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 65 years with an indwelling catheter...