The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Drug-specific resistance mechanisms to RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive NSCLC

Abstract Purpose: Ret proto-oncogene (RET) fusions are highly heterogeneous oncogenic drivers occurring in approximately 1-2% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While selpercatinib and pralsetinib have dramatically improved clinical outcomes of patients, acquired resistance i...

Medicaid utilization in children: Condition‐specific incidence and spending

Abstract Medicaid insures over half of US children, yet gaps remain in understanding how funds are allocated across the care of nonchronic conditions, the care of chronic conditions, and preventative services. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 7.2 million Medicaid‐enrolled...

Extended KAFR: a kinematic-adaptive paradigm for the efficient analysis of surgical video

Abstract Artificial Intelligence is increasingly applied to surgical video analysis for phase segmentation, skill assessment, and workflow optimization. A key challenge is the length of surgical recordings, often one to several hours, creating a substantial computational burden....

An international multicenter analysis of the outcome of pediatric first variceal hemorrhage

Background & Aims: Management of portal hypertension in children including primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding is controversial due to limited understanding of mortality risk after first variceal hemorrhage (1VH). This international multicenter study was designed to advance...

Intratumoral Immunotherapy—The Future of Treating Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) represents a rare but highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with limited systemic therapy options for patients who fail or are ineligible for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Intratumoral (IT) immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strateg...

Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Treated with Liver-Directed Therapies

Abstract Background Liver-directed therapy (LDT) is an essential component of multimodal management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), yet older adults are less likely to receive liver-directed or curative-intent treatment. We evaluated presentation, treatment patterns, and o...

Development of an Achievable Benchmarks of Care Report Card for Pediatric Hospital Medicine

OBJECTIVES: To develop an Achievable Benchmarks of Care (ABCs) report card for common conditions managed by pediatric hospital medicine (PHM). METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of encounters for 13 common pediatric conditions between January 1, 2023, and...

Physician- and Practice-Level Variation in Clinical Trial Participation Among Patients With Advanced Cancer

Importance Clinical trial enrollment is essential to advancing cancer care, yet participation among patients with advanced cancer remains low. While patient-level barriers are frequently cited, the role of health care delivery factors—specifically physician- and practice-level va...

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs underlie ~5% of herpes simplex encephalitis in adults.

Inborn errors of type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity account for ∼7-8% of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) cases in young children, but the pathogenesis of HSE in adults is largely unknown. We report that IFN-I autoantibodies (auto-Abs) in serum/plasma samples drawn before, durin...

Near-atomistic simulations reveal the molecular principles that control chromatin structure and phase separation

Abstract Understanding how chromatin’s physicochemical properties shape its emergent organization is central to deciphering genome function. To address this, we present OpenCGChromatin, a high-performance coarse-grained model that achieves near-atomistic simulations of chromatin...

The Duration of Pavlik Harness Wear Following Successful Reduction of Dislocated Hips Does Not Play a Role in Determining Radiographic Dysplasia at 2 Years.

BACKGROUND: Though the Pavlik harness is often used to reduce dislocated hips in infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), residual acetabular dysplasia may occur following reduction. It is unclear whether patient or treatment-related factors, including Pavlik wear d...

Trends in Intrauterine Device Use Before and After National Eligibility Guideline Changes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in intrauterine device (IUD) use after national guideline updates (2010-2014) that expanded eligibility to include adolescents and nulliparous women in the United States. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the 2002-2023 waves of the National Su...

Mutational profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma that arose in outbred mice after heavy-ion particle and γ-ray radiation

Cancer risk estimation from space radiation is challenged by the lack of relevant experimental and epidemiological data for human exposure to the high-charge, high-energy (HZE) ions that predominate in deep space environments. Genetically diverse outbred mice provide an effective...

Trends in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Procedure Volume Recorded in MBSAQIP, 2015–2024

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; however, national procedure volume is not well characterized. We examined trends in MBS utilization in the United States from 2015 to 2024 using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surge...

Mediating effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the association between depression, anxiety, and cardiometabolic disorders in a multiethnic US population

Abstract Neuroinflammation is associated with depression and anxiety risk, both of which demonstrate a bilateral relationship with cardiometabolic disorders. Systemic inflammation was also commonly described in patients with cardiometabolic disorders. It is, thus, unclear whether...

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Children From 8 Days to 5 Years of Age

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in infants and young children, with a prevalence of 7% in infants with fever. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) provides an update of the literature and clinical recommendations of the 2011 American...

Real‐world outcomes of nivolumab‐ AVD and brentuximab vedotin‐ AVD in paediatric and adult advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma

Summary Brentuximab vedotin (BV)‐doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (AVD) and nivolumab (N)‐AVD have transformed the frontline treatment of advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), yet real‐world comparative data remain limited. In this multicentre retrospective study across 1...

Exploratory integrative analysis of infant gut microbiome and metabolome suggests diet- and microbiome-derived metabolites associated with childhood asthma

Abstract Background Early-life gut microbiome composition has been linked to childhood asthma risk, but the metabolic pathways underlying this association remain unclear. Objective To integrate infant gut microbiome and metabolome data to identify pathways associated with asthma...

Evaluation of an image-derived input function and population-based metabolite correction for quantification of synaptic density with [18F]SynVesT-1 and PET in male and female rats

Positron emission tomography (PET) quantification of radiotracers targeting synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), such as [ 18 F]SynVesT-1, requires arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis to derive an arterial input function (AIF). However, arterial blood sampling is...

Standards for practical management of drug hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous drugs and proactive early allergy involvement before referral: A WAO Statement

Hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous therapies—including antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, biologics, anesthesia agents, and contrast media—pose significant challenges in acute care settings. These reactions often occur outside the purview of allergy specialists, leading to de...