Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Beyond guideline deviation: understanding surgical antibiotic prophylaxis nonadherence in Iranian surgical practice using the theoretical domains framework

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is essential for preventing surgical site infections, yet inappropriate perioperative antibiotic use remains a persistent stewardship challenge. Although SAP non-adherence is well documented, the behavioral and organizational mechanisms susta...

Fabrication and evaluation of a polymeric muco-adhesive film with local and controlled release of phenytoin: an in vitro investigation

Phenytoin has long been used to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study is to design, fabricate, and evaluate some properties of a polymeric mucoadhesive film with slow release of phenytoin. In this in vitro study, polymers such as Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Sodium ca...

Establishing MRI-based thresholds for corpus callosum in children aged 1–6: a comparison of typical development and cerebral palsy-associated morphometry

The corpus callosum (CC) is central to neurodevelopment, and morphometric abnormalities are linked to atypical development. This study aimed to establish age-dependent and age-independent MRI-based cutoffs defining normative CC morphology in children aged 1–6 years, distinguishin...

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Senecio vernalis and evaluation of their multifunctional biomedical, sun protection factor and catalytic degradation activities

Green synthesis has emerged as a safe and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods because it avoids the use of toxic reagents and enables environmentally friendly nanoparticle production. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared through a green approach...

Circular RNAs as regulators of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in gliomas from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental biological process that drives glioma invasion, therapeutic resistance, and malignant progression. Recent evidence highlights circular RNAs (circRNAs) as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators that orchestrate EMT through...

Oral Immunization with YncE-Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles Confers Protective Immunity against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in a BALB/c Murine Model.

Background: Every year, a large number of people worldwide suffer from gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea. Among this population, children under five are particularly vulnerable and are at increased risk of death or malnutrition. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is...

The effects of royal jelly consumption on glycemia indices, lipid profile, and blood pressure in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, triple-blind trial

Abstract Aims The effects of royal jelly (RJ) on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke have not been previously reported from this trial. Therefore, we conducted a secondary analysis to investigate the effects of RJ consumption on glycemic indices, l...

Enhancing geriatric perioperative care competencies through structured, geriatric-focused clinical rounds for operating room nursing students: a quasi-experimental study

The growing number of older adults undergoing surgery highlights the need for strengthened geriatric competencies among operating room (OR) nursing students. Despite this demand, geriatric-focused perioperative training remains limited in OR curricula. This study examined the eff...

Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on atrial fibrillation and biomarkers of myocardial injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> : Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with several postoperative complications, notably atrial fibrillation (AF), which may arise due to myocardial reperfusion following ischemia and the resulting inflammatory respo...

Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus texensis: first documented human infection

<title>Abstract</title> Background Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. Although <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> predominates, rare and cryptic species are increasingly recognized due to advances in molecular diagnostic...

Chronic traumatic popliteal arteriovenous fistula presenting twenty years after shotgun injury: a case report and critical literature review

Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) account for only 2.5–4% of penetrating vascular injuries, yet their natural history is insidious: most remain hemodynamically compensated for years before clinical decompensation. Delayed popliteal AVF poses unique diagnostic and therapeuti...

A brucellosis-associated vasculopathy presenting with focal neurological deficit: a case report in a pediatric patient with unique imaging

Brucellosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide. While neurobrucellosis occurs in 5–7% of the affected adults, it is a rare pediatric complication, with an estimated incidence of 0.8%. Limited knowledge of its presentations, diagnosis, and management leads to a sig...

The effect of reduced carbohydrate diet on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota in children and adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective To compare the effects of a reduced-carbohydrate diet (RCD) with a standard diet (STD) on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota composition in children and adolescents with obesity. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 84 children and adolesce...

Development, implementation, and evaluation of web-based decision support application for developmental care of preterm infants: a multi-phase study

Developmental care is a critical component of high-quality neonatal services for preterm infants. However, variability in gestational age assessment and inconsistencies in translating assessment findings into care practices can compromise developmental outcomes. Digital clinical...

“When teaching turns turbulent: a mixed-methods study on prioritizing critical incidents of health sciences teachers”

Critical incidents significantly impact teacher identity, either constructively or disruptively. However, without knowing which incidents are most impactful, interventions and long-term plans cannot be designed. This study aimed to identify and prioritize critical incidents from...

Towards clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in cancer care: concept mapping analysis of provincial workshop findings

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly garnered interest in healthcare. Cancer care’s multidisciplinary nature and high coordination demands are well positioned to benefit from AI. While attitudes toward implementation of AI in medicine have been explored ge...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum secondary to profound weight loss and malnutrition: a case report and review of malnutrition as a primary etiology

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare but significant complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). While historically linked to Valsalva maneuvers, a growing body of evidence implicates severe malnutrition as an associated risk factor, challenging traditional etiologic models....

Awake craniotomy for drug-resistant non-oncological epilepsy: a systematic review of feasibility, reported safety, and seizure outcomes

Abstract Introduction Complete resection of the epileptogenic zone offers the best chance of seizure control in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, surgical management remains challenging when the epileptogenic zone is located within or adjacent to eloquent brain regi...

Antileishmanial effects of extract, fractions and essential oil from aerial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss

Leishmaniasis, an endemic disease in approximately 100 countries, has different manifestations from skin lesions to visceral infections leading to death. There is currently no effective vaccine for leishmaniasis and the common drugs are expensive and have adverse side effects; al...

CONRep: Uncertainty-Aware Vision-Language Report Drafting Using Conformal Prediction

The objective of this study is to quantify uncertainty in vision-language model (VLM)-based automated radiology report drafting (ARRD) to support trustworthy clinical deployment. In this study, we developed CONRep in two settings: label-based and sentence-based. In the label-base...