Stanford University

Hard Choices: Sound Change in Northern Greek

We propose a new account of the change from -Vsis, -Vzis to -Vi̯s in Modern Lesbian, as well as of related changes in other Northern Greek dialects, arguing that they are special cases of the loss of unstressed high vowels. Our analysis depends on the new understanding of the nat...

ICOS‐ImmunoPET Monitors T Cell Activation After Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade in a Mouse Model of Melanoma Brain Metastasis

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed outcomes for melanoma brain metastases (MBM), yet early response assessment remains challenging because currently available tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lack molecular specificity and are confounded b...

Early life exposures association with later diagnosis of spondyloarthritis: A population-based case-control study

Objective To assess whether early-life antibiotics are associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA) diagnosed by age 21. Methods In this population-based, matched case–control study, we used Danish live births (1997-2023) restricted to those reaching minimum relevant ages by December...

Therapeutic selective leukotriene b4 antagonism for human lymphedema

Despite a high prevalence and extensive morbidity, there are no approved pharmacological interventions for lymphedema. Selective inhibition of leukotriene B 4 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target to address the morbidity and symptomatology associated with lymphed...

Peripheral blood transcriptomic signature is associated with cognitive impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a data-driven approach

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with variable long-term outcomes. Blood-based biomarkers for prognostic prediction remain underdeveloped. We aimed to develop a peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for predicting long-term compl...

Drought dynamics explain once in a century yellow fever virus outbreak in Brazil with implications for climate change

While excess rainfall is associated with mosquito-borne disease because it supports mosquito breeding, drought may also counterintuitively increase disease transmission by altering mosquito and host behavior. This phenomenon is important to understand because climate change is pr...

A Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab plus Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Advanced Biliary Cancer

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited activity as monotherapy in biliary cancers. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic immune cell growth factor which achieved prolonged survival when combined with ipilimumab in melanoma. We cond...

Aligning protein-generative models to experimental fitness with ProteinDPO

Abstract Biological generative models can predict biological functions without task-specific training data but often under-perform specialized models. This is due to a fundamental ‘alignment gap’, where the rules learned during unsupervised training are not related to the functio...

Tuning Viscoelasticity of Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels for Human Tissue Modeling

ABSTRACT The development of three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro tissue culture models is critical for biomedical research. Hydrogel‐based systems have become preferred scaffolds for 3D models, as they have tunable viscoelastic properties, which are well‐known to influence cell morpho...

Highly attenuated dendritic propagation of isolated synaptic potentials in vivo

The integration of synaptic inputs is a fundamental function of neurons. In the traditional model, excitatory inputs are summed at the soma to generate action potentials. However, how synaptic inputs are integrated by dendrites in vivo remains poorly explored. We used intravital...

Interfacial LithiumRedox Kinetics Regulated by SolventAsymmetry and Moment of Inertia in Li Metal Batteries

Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density, but interfacial charge-transfer kinetics remain a bottleneck for high-rate operation. In this work, we construct a library of 12 ether solvents with systematic variations in symmetry and fluorination, confirming t...

The hematology workforce in the United States: past, present, and strategies for the future

From 2017-2021, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) completed the largest study ever conducted of the hematology workforce in the United States (US). The study highlighted a deficit in the classical hematology (CH) workforce: despite very high CH clinical volumes encountered...

Worked and Working Bones—Wild Resource Use in an Agricultural Neolithic Community at Miaodigou Site, China

This paper examines worked-bone production at the Miaodigou (MDG) site, a key Middle Neolithic settlement in northern China, to assess the role of bone objects in craft production, subsistence, and social life. During the expansion of millet agriculture and pig domestication, a s...

A language network in the individualized functional connectomes of 1199 human brains doing arbitrary tasks

A century and a half of neuroscience has yielded many divergent theories of the neurobiology of language. Two factors that likely contribute to this situation include (a) conceptual disagreement about language and its component processes, and (b) intrinsic inter-individual variab...

Deep Learning‐Based Enhancement of Already Diagnostic‐Quality MRI for Alzheimer's Disease Classification: Effects on Model Performance and Training Data Requirements

ABSTRACT Background Deep learning (DL)‐based image enhancement is widely used to improve suboptimal medical imaging. Whether it also benefits diagnostic‐quality MRI in downstream task performance and data‐efficiency remains unclear. Purpose To investigate the impact of DL‐based e...

The choice-wide behavioral association study: data-driven identification of interpretable behavioral components

Behavior contains rich structure across many timescales, but there is a dearth of methods to identify relevant components, especially over the longer periods required for learning and decision-making. Inspired by the goals and techniques of genome-wide association studies, we pre...

Synthesizing Colloidal Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Water Using a Dual‐Ligand Strategy

ABSTRACT Controlled aqueous synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles below 5 nm remains challenging due to reduction potential mismatches between noble and base metals, which often causes uncontrolled aggregation. Here, we propose a dual‐ligand strategy to assist the commonly used s...

Fatal Neuroinvasive Astrovirus VA1 Encephalitis in a Child With High‐Risk B‐ALL Receiving Blinatumomab

O.L. is a named inventor on patents held by Boston Children's Hospital related to vaccine adjuvants and antigens as well as human in vitro systems that model the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. O.L.’s laboratory receives sponsored research support fr...

Cranio-orbital craniotomy via an eyebrow incision for resection of anterior clinoid and tuberculum sella meningiomas

Abstract Background Anterior clinoid meningiomas (ACM) and tuberculum sella meningiomas (TSM) are anterior skull base tumors that commonly cause visual deterioration. The supraorbital keyhole approach may be used to resect these tumors but is limited by restricted intraoperative...

Emergency care use in early pregnancy and adverse maternal events at birth and up to 42 days postpartum among North Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries

Abstract Objective Emergency care (EC) utilization can indicate unmet medical or social needs. In pregnancy, EC use may identify individuals at risk for adverse outcomes and highlight opportunities for intervention. This study examined the association between EC use in early preg...