Stanford University

Humans: Intertwined with life and the basic elements in the Anthropocene biosphere

Abstract The notion of people and nature as intertwined and embedded in the biosphere is gaining traction in contemporary scientific discourses. But what does it mean for a human being to be intertwined? Here, we explore this question through two lenses: looking at the human body...

Communication Challenges and Strategies in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivorship Care: A Qualitative Study of Clinician Perspectives

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors treated in pediatric settings face long-term physical and psychosocial effects from cancer treatment, and lifelong specialized survivorship care is recommended. Prior research has focused on what survivors need to know ab...

It’s a wrap: deriving distinct discoveries with FDR control after a GWAS analysis

Abstract The standard analysis pipeline for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is based on marginal tests of association. These are computationally convenient and portable, but the discoveries are not immediately interpretable, and require post-processing such as “clumping” a...

Designing Social Media Health Warnings for Teenagers and Young Adults

Importance Social media use is nearly ubiquitous among US teenagers and young adults and has been associated with increased risk for negative health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. Policymakers in several states have proposed or adopted policies requiring warnings on soc...

Symptom epidemiology, demographic correlates, and differentiation between cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms and ADHD symptoms in a large nonprobability sample of Iranian adolescents and adults

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is an emerging cognitive-attentional construct characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental slowness, drowsiness, and reduced engagement with external demands. Although CDS symptoms are substantially associated with attention-deficit/hyper...

Can a public information campaign increase trust in American elections?

Confidence in the conduct and results of American elections has declined and polarized along party lines in recent years. Can a nonpartisan public information campaign featuring election officials enhance trust in elections when delivered to skeptical voters during a contentious...

Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Retinopathy

This Viewpoint discusses artificial intelligence for treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Multiscale physical effects of CpG methylation on DNA mechanics, nucleosome wrapping, and chromatin condensates

DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is a central epigenetic modification linked to transcriptional repression and heterochromatin formation, yet its physical impact on chromatin organization remains incompletely understood. Here, we integrate single-molecule force spectroscopy,...

High-capacity associative memory in a quantum-optical spin glass

The Hopfield neural network stores memories using all-to-all-coupled spins and recalls those memories through equilibrium dynamics. Storing too many hampers recall because frustration causes an exponential number of spurious patterns to arise as the network becomes a spin glass....

MRI Proton Density Fat Fraction as a Biomarker of Marrow Recovery Following Organ‐Sparing Total Marrow Irradiation in Sickle Cell Disease

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive quantitative assessment of marrow recovery after curative therapies such as total marrow irradiation (TMI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) remain poorly defined, particularly in sickle cell disease (SCD). PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI-derived proton densi...

Sensitivity-Driven Adaptive Surrogate Modeling for Simulation and Optimization of Dynamical Systems

Abstract. This paper develops a surrogate model refinement approach for the simulation of dynamical systems and the solution of optimization problems governed by dynamical systems in which surrogates replace expensive-to-compute state- and control-dependent component functions in...

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Features Distinguishing Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) with squamous differentiation can often be diagnosed by routine histopathologic evaluation, but cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) may enter the differential diagnosis in selected pure squamous carcinomas involving the breast/chest, partic...

Towards an Asian registry of wrongful convictions

Wrongful convictions represent a persistent yet unevenly documented problem across Asian criminal justice systems. While international research has identified common factors contributing to known wrongful convictions, systematic information about wrongful conviction cases in Asia...

Care Models for the Genetic Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy at Sites of the DCM Consortium

Abstract Background Clinical genetic evaluation for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is minimally implemented and models of care are not defined. To understand current genetics care for DCM, a systematic needs assessment was conducted. Methods Principal Investigators (P...

Estimating state-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence and prevalence among women living in the United States during 2019-2023: mathematical modeling analysis

Abstract Background Estimates of chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence and incidence have typically focused on national-level epidemiology. Disaggregated estimates are useful for local public health decision making. Methods We developed a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework to...

Neurophysiological signatures of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy in treatment resistant depression

ABSTRACT Objective Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) has demonstrated impressive efficacy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but its neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of SNT using transcra...

Secondary use and scholarly impact of a portfolio of clinical trials with shared individual participant level data: cross sectional study

Abstract Objective To assess the number, timing, characteristics, and scholarly impact of secondary publications generated using individual participant level data (IPD) from a portfolio of clinical trials shared with external investigators through a data sharing platform. Design...

Enhanced Osteoinduction, Rheological and Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed Methylcellulose-Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds

Complex patient-specific bone defects remain difficult to reconstruct because the regenerative capacity of bone is limited and prefabricated implants cannot readily match defect geometry. In this work, methylcellulose-gelatin-hydroxyapatite (MC/GEL/HA) inks were formulated with v...

Structural dynamics during the three-ion Coulomb explosion of highly charged CS2 in intense soft x-ray pulses

Using intense femtosecond soft x-ray pulses above the sulfur 2p edge produced by the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH), we investigate the multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of CS2. We focus on the three-ion fragmentation pathways of CS2 polycations with total ch...

MSP4BIO Deliverable 3.4: Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking

The Ecological Toolkit (ESE1) was developed to support the design, establishment and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by improving decision-making processes, focusing on prioritisation of areas, integration of connectivity processes and assessment of human impacts on m...