Stanford University

Prevalence of MRI findings in adults with scapular pain: An exploratory cross-sectional study

Background Scapular pain has multiple possible pain generators including cervical radiculopathy, facet arthropathy, scapular dyskinesis, and myofascial pain making selecting an appropriate interventional target challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered as part...

Mental Health Ghost Networks in Commercial Insurance Plans

Importance Whether network directories in commercial insurance plans, which cover the majority of insured US residents, reliably connect patients to mental health care has only seen limited testing. Objective To assess network directory accuracy, appointment availability, wait ti...

AI can persuade people to take political actions

There is substantial concern about the ability of advanced AI to influence people’s behavior. A rapidly growing body of research has found that AI can produce large persuasive effects on people’s attitudes, but whether AI can persuade people to take consequential real-world actio...

Dynamics and Structure of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids: Ultrafast IR Experiments and MD Simulations of the Ion Cage Model

Abstract Dynamics in room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) and the solvation of charged and neutral molecules are important to applications of ILs in battery technology, organic synthesis, and many other areas. Using ultrafast IR spectroscopy, pulse-field-gradient (pfg) NMR, and M...

Mental Health Factors in Cardiothoracic Surgery Risk Prediction Models: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders are associated with substantial morbidity and death in cardiovascular disease, yet their role in perioperative risk stratification remains unclear in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. We evaluated how mental health disorders are curre...

Modeling the heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease using partially ordered set models

Abstract Traditional binary classifications of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cognitive dysfunction fail to capture its inherent heterogeneity. This study introduces the Partially Ordered Set (POSET) model, a Bayesian framework, to analyze cognitive heterogeneity using Parkinson’s Prec...

Free-Monodromic Mixed Tilting Sheaves on Flag Varieties

In this paper we propose a construction of a monoidal category of “free-monodromic” tilting perverse sheaves on (Kac–Moody) flag varieties in the setting of the “mixed modular derived category” introduced by the first and third authors. This category shares most of the properties...

A comprehensive phylogenomic framework for brachiopod evolution among lophotrochozoans

Brachiopods appeared early in the Cambrian radiation and represent an important clade for understanding the origin of animal body plans and the evolution of biomineralized structures. A robust phylogenetic framework of the living representatives is needed to answer persistent que...

Exercise and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Paradigm Shift Toward Informed, Personalized Activity Guidelines

Exercise is widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits; however, its safety and role in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) remains complex due to its distinctive biomechanical vulnerabilities. Fundamentally different from abdominal aortic aneurysms, TAAs develo...

Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in human fibroblasts from lymph nodes and synovium

Abstract Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used method for gene expression analysis; however, its accuracy depends on the selection of stable reference genes for normalization. To date, no study has systematically identified suitable reference genes for primary hum...

Mass Addition Processes in Compressible Flows

The fundamental gas dynamic and thermodynamic effects of simple mass addition in compressible flows are examined. While the driving influences of heat addition and friction in constant area ducts are well understood and commonly taught, relatively little attention is given to the...

AmpliconSuite: an end-to-end workflow for analyzing focal amplifications in cancer genomes

Abstract Here we present AmpliconSuite, a toolkit for focal amplification analysis from cancer whole-genome sequencing that identifies extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), breakage–fusion–bridges and other amplification modes. Its ecContext module categorizes ecDNA structures to underst...

OmniCosmos: Transferring Particle Physics Knowledge Across the Cosmos

Foundation models build an effective representation of data that can be deployed on diverse downstream tasks. Previous research showed that the , a foundation model for collider physics, could significantly advance discovery potential across collider experiments. In this paper, w...

Computation-through-Dynamics Toolkit: Simulated datasets and quality metrics for dynamical models of neural activity

A primary goal of systems neuroscience is to discover how ensembles of neurons transform inputs into goal-directed behavior, a process known as neural computation. A powerful framework for understanding neural computation uses neural dynamics – the rules that govern how neural ac...

Comparison of clinical outcomes, cost, and patient perceptions between delayed and immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Thailand: a retrospective case–control study

To compare clinical outcomes, complication rates, costs, and patient perceptions—encompassing satisfaction, anxiety, pain, and visual function—between delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) and immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) in Thailand....

Rao-Blackwellized e-variables

Summary We show that for any concave utility, the expected utility of an e-variable can only increase after conditioning on a sufficient statistic, echoing the classic Rao-Blackwell theorem. The simplest form of the result has a straightforward proof using Jensen’s inequality, bu...

Escalating competition in changing seas: baleen whales exploit killer whale prey herding

Abstract Climate change and other anthropogenic pressures are rapidly reshaping marine ecosystems, altering prey availability and predator interactions. Yet empirical evidence of how these relationships shift under changing conditions remains scarce. Drawing on over a decade of m...

Cosmological Constraints from Full-scale Clustering and Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing with DESI DR1

Abstract We present constraints on cosmic structure growth from the analysis of galaxy clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing with galaxies from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1. Our analysis includes four samples drawn from the Bright Galaxy Survey (B...

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in US prison settings: a model-based cost-effectiveness study

Background HIV prevalence in prisons is three times higher than in the general community, and ongoing transmission risks highlight the importance of prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prison-based PrEP p...

Fungal frontiers for sustainability: unlocking the hidden kingdom

Fungi have repeatedly delivered transformative advances across industries, from medicine to food to materials, yet these breakthroughs have emerged from a narrow base of organisms and well-studied systems. Although mycology has taken a big leap forward in the past decades because...