Stanford Medicine

Eosinophil Granule Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review of Biomarker Utility for Disease Characterization and Outcomes

Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition increasingly understood through endotyping, with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS) representing a clinically distinct and often refractory phenotype. Eosinophils exert their pathogenic effects in...

Hospital wastewater-based antimicrobial resistance epidemiology: a scoping review

Abstract Introduction: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) offers pooled biological samples of defined populations, complementing clinical surveillance for infectious diseases. Hospitals are hotspots for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We performed a scoping review assessing hosp...

Mesenchymal stem cells in ribosomal insufficiency lead to aberrant osteoblastic differentiation and altered hematopoiesis

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by macrocytic anemia. In addition to anemia, patients present with skeletal defects and an increased risk of osteosarcoma, suggesting dysregulated bone cell development. We found that...

Shared patterns of human milk composition link mammary gland function to infant growth

The mammary gland produces nutrient-rich human milk (HM), yet how mammary functional state shapes HM composition and infant outcomes remains poorly understood. We used HM multi-omics - metabolomics, proteomics, micronutrients, macronutrients, and HM oligosaccharides - across 1,54...

Pre-ECMO characteristics, organ dysfunction and exploratory mortality prediction in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS treated with veno-venous ECMO: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective The transferability of pre-ECMO characteristics and established mortality prediction tools across COVID-19 (C-19) and non-COVID-19 (nC-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains uncertain. We compared clinical characteristics, organ dysfunction, res...

Burden, healthcare utilization, and costs of chronic liver disease–related hospitalizations in California: a population-based study of trends and projections, 2005–2035

Background Long-term trends in hospitalization burden, healthcare utilization, and costs of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the United States remain poorly characterized. Using statewide hospital discharge data, we quantified trends from 2005 to 2018 and projected future burden th...

Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort

Studies of prenatal exposure to non-persistent chemicals often assume biomarker measurements from a single urine sample can represent exposure pregnancy. The validity of this assumption depends on biomarker concentration variability across gestation, which is not well-characteriz...

Prehistoric global migration of vanishing gut microbes with humans

The gut microbiome is crucial for health and is affected strongly by lifestyle1. Many microorganisms commonly found in non-industrialized populations are disappearing or have become extinct in industrialized populations2–6. Studying which microorganisms have been long-term reside...

Agriculture–urban interfaces, social vulnerability and climate change shape West Nile virus risk across the United States

Abstract Climate and land use change are reshaping the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. West Nile virus (WNV), the most widespread zoonotic arbovirus in the United States, illustrates the need to integrate climate, land cover and social vulnerability across heterogeneous landsc...

Current opinion on simulation in family planning

Purpose of review We aim to review novel family planning simulation models published since 2017. We will focus primarily on models for simulating abortion care, given the increased need for simulation education in this area post-Dobbs. Recent findings Since the last current opini...

Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index and Risk Stratification in Advanced Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Importance Risk stratification in advanced mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) remains suboptimal given that current TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging has limited prognostic value for clinically relevant outcomes. Objective To determine whether the Cutaneous...

Radiofrequency Ablation for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma versus Surgery and Other Thermal Ablation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been proposed for selected patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study compared the effectiveness, safety, and procedural characteristics of RFA with those of surgery and other thermal ablation techniques. Met...

Everything you always wanted to know about sleep, but you were afraid to ask: expert concise guide and recommendations on assessing sleep-wake disturbances within a psychiatric context in contemporary times

OBJECTIVE: While disrupted sleep has long been linked to mental disorders there has been a notable decrease in interest and sleep-wake disorders have received low priority in psychiatric care. The aim of the paper was to present a concise guide for evaluating common sleep-wake di...

Severe Multifocal Cutaneous Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in People Living with HIV in Southern Brazil: Cases and Review

Background: Sporothrix brasiliensis-associated sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonotic mycosis in South America, especially in Brazil. Whereas sporotrichosis is classically described as a lymphangitic disease, multifocal forms occur, predominantly in people living with HIV (PLHIV)...

Evaluation of Pre‐Operative Cartilage and Meniscus Ultrashort Echo Time T2 * as Biomarkers of Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Background Ultrashort echo time T2* (UTE‐T2*) mapping is sensitive to the composition of deep cartilage and menisci. UTE‐T2* elevations are common after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, but their long‐term prognostic importance is unknown. Hypothesis Higher pre...

American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement: Indications and Recommendations for Posterior Nasal Nerve Ablation

ABSTRACT The goal of this American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement (EPS) is to provide an evidence‐based evaluation of the current literature on posterior nasal nerve ablation. Subtopics reviewed include the evidence for specific indications such as nonallergic rhini...

Differential contributions of β-tubulin isotypes to acentrosomal oocyte meiosis in C. elegans.

Oocyte meiotic spindles must achieve bipolarity and segregate chromosomes in the absence of centrosomes. Here, we use high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy and live imaging to investigate the differential contributions of β-tubulin isotypes (TBB-1 and TBB-2) to assembly a...

Effect of a comic book-based educational intervention on human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge and safety perception among girls aged 9–14 in Nigeria

Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women and is preventable with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and regular screening. However, awareness of vaccines and screenings is poor in many low- and middle-income countries. In 2023, Nigeria sought to delive...

Cognitive appraisal processes mediate postinjury pain and disability: A longitudinal observational study.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Psychological appraisal processes of pain catastrophizing (PC) and perceived injustice (PI) are involved in the transition to postinjury disability. Although these factors are modifiable and may serve as ideal intervention targets to improve recovery, they have...

Beyond Genotype: Integrating Phenoconversion into Pharmacogenetic Decision-Making in Psychiatry

Interindividual variability in psychotropic drug response contributes to treatment failure, adverse drug reactions, and repeated medication adjustments. Pharmacogenetics supports precision prescribing by identifying genetic variants associated with drug metabolism, efficacy, and...