Stanford Medicine

P1.233. Impact of Preoperative Frailty on Long-Term Survival Following Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Topic Esophageal Cancer: Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Cancer – long term outcomes Background Esophagectomy can provide cure for esophageal cancer yet is associated with high rates of perioperative morbidity. Assessing frailty in the preoperative setting provides supe...

SurfaceProton ReservoirsConstrain Alkalinity Exportfrom Enhanced Weathering

Abstract The addition of silicate and carbonate materials to soils (enhanced weathering) is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy with potential agronomic co-benefits, especially for soil pH management. However, alkalinity from mineral dissolution interacts with the su...

Cumulative Opioid Exposures in the First Year of Life and Cognitive Neurodevelopment in High-Risk Infants

BACKGROUND: High-risk infants with significant neonatal-perinatal morbidities often require opioids, but prolonged exposures can impair neurodevelopment. We evaluated the effect of cumulative opioid exposures in the first year of life, measured by morphine milligrams equivalents...

Ancestry and Kawasaki Disease: Clinical Pathway Considerations

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of pediatric acquired heart disease in developed countries.1 Despite decades of research, no established biologic marker has been identified, and KD remains a clinical diagnosis.1,2 However, KD research has shown that different populatio...

Navigating Voriconazole in Pediatrics: Dosing Dilemmas and Monitoring Madness

ABSTRACT Safe and effective use of voriconazole in children necessitates therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of serum concentrations given the pharmacokinetic variability amongst these patients. Informed by an internal review of voriconazole TDM practices revealing suboptimal perfo...

ICOS‐ImmunoPET Monitors T Cell Activation After Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade in a Mouse Model of Melanoma Brain Metastasis

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed outcomes for melanoma brain metastases (MBM), yet early response assessment remains challenging because currently available tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lack molecular specificity and are confounded b...

Therapeutic selective leukotriene b4 antagonism for human lymphedema

Despite a high prevalence and extensive morbidity, there are no approved pharmacological interventions for lymphedema. Selective inhibition of leukotriene B 4 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target to address the morbidity and symptomatology associated with lymphed...

A Survey of Distributed Asynchronous Many-Task Models and Their Applications

Asynchronous many-task (AMT) runtime systems have become an important paradigm for expressing fine-grained parallelism and managing asynchrony in high-performance computing (HPC). Originating from early dataflow concepts, AMTs have evolved to enable dynamic task generation, expli...

Prolonged treatment-free remission after venetoclax in combination with a hypomethylating agent in acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)

Core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML)—defined by t(8;21) or inv(16) chromosomal rearrangements—is classified as favorable-risk disease per the European LeukemiaNet 2022 risk model and is typically treated with intensive chemotherapy. Patients unsuitable for intensi...

Bias in Cohort Studies: The Critical Importance of the “Why” and “When” of Treatment Decisions

When it comes to high-quality, rigorous research, children generally get the short end of the stick. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)—the “gold standard” for clinical research1—are rare in this population.2 RCTs are expensive, time-consuming, and often fraught with ethical con...

Comprehensive Analysis of US Health Care Spending on Injuries

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury affects every age group, payer, and care setting in the United States, yet how injury-related spending distributes across these dimensions has not been comprehensively quantified. OBJECTIVE: To estimate US health care spending on injuries in 2022 by m...

Price comparisons for the leading brands of oral nicotine pouches and cigarettes

Abstract Background and aims United States (US) sales of oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) more than tripled from 2021 to 2024, with Zyn brand consistently the market leader. To understand the relative price of ONPs and cigarettes, this study answers three questions about differences...

Genetic Predisposition and Pharmacological Effects Shape the Divergent Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Atherosclerosis

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) increases the risk of atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), but decreases that for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), forming an intriguing diabetes-atherosclerosis paradox. We investigate how genetic underpinning...

Risk Factors for Estrogen Receptor Subtype‐Specific Contralateral Breast Cancer in Women Under Age 55 Years

Women with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) contralateral breast cancer (CBC) are 50% more likely to die of CBC compared to women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) CBC. We comprehensively investigated risk factors for ER subtype-specific CBC using the Women's Environmental Ca...

Resident Perspectives on Post-Rounds Communication With Families Using Diverse Languages

OBJECTIVE To explore pediatric residents’ experiences communicating with families after rounds and identify barriers and facilitators to communication with families using languages other than English (LOE). METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews...

Disparities in Hospital Length of Stay and Morbidity in Acute Care Pediatric Cardiology Patients

BACKGROUND Multicenter collaborative studies examining disparities in in-hospital outcomes are lacking in pediatric cardiology. We hypothesized that Black and Hispanic patients in pediatric acute care cardiology units (ACCUs) have increased length of stay (LOS) and complications...

Papillary Hyperplasia in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) frequently harbor small intracystic epithelial proliferations that arise in continuity with the cyst lining and are distinct from other recognized proliferative lesions or well-defined renal tumors and lack a for...

Survey Authentication Challenges During a Geriatrics Knowledge Assessment Pilot

ABSTRACT Background In this methodological Brief Report, we describe a multi‐institutional survey authentication challenge encountered during pilot deployment of the Age‐Friendly Knowledge Assessment Tool (AF‐KAT), a geriatrics knowledge assessment for graduating medical students...

Congenital heart disease in pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity: A distributed data network study

Abstract Introduction Pregnant people with congenital heart disease (CHD) are a growing patient population in obstetrics, yet evidence on the risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has largely been limited to studies that lack specificity for CHD. We conducted this study to dem...

Plain language summary of how acoramidis affects the total number of heart problems over time in people with ATTR-CM: findings from the ATTRibute-CM study

Plain Language SummaryWhat is this summary about?Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) happens when transthyretin (TTR) protein breaks apart, forming clumps that build up in the heart, making it harder to pump blood.People with ATTR-CM often go to the hospital multiple t...