Purdue University West Lafayette

Design of a neutron irradiation campaign for electron beam welded reactor pressure vessel steel

The objective of this study is to document a neutron irradiation experiment campaign intended to enable evaluation of embrittlement in electron beam (EB) welded SA508, Grade 3 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel for small modular reactors. Arc welds in RPVs have historically expe...

Service user and healthcare-worker perspectives on Substance Use Disorder treatment journeys, relapse, and recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Uganda

Abstract Introduction Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) pose significant public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited evidence on how service users (SUs) and front-line health care workers (HCWs) experience SUD treatment and recovery within resource cons...

Curve fitting algorithm for multimodal particle size distributions – a theoretical basis

Abstract. Here we detail an open-source curve fitting algorithm for multimodal particle size distributions (MPSDs) and evaluate it against a ten-year dataset of ambient particle size distribution (PSD) measurements collected at Storm Peak Laboratory, a remote mountainous research...

Model predictive control with state estimation and reduced-order physics for nuclear reactor operation during unanticipated communication transients

Advanced nuclear reactors are increasingly being designed for remote operation and higher levels of autonomy, particularly for small and microreactor applications where on-site staffing and frequent fuel handling may be impractical. These new operational paradigms would require n...

Challenges and opportunities of generative artificial intelligence models in audio/acoustic domain: a comprehensive survey

Abstract Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed image and text processing, but its adoption in the audio/acoustic domain remains underexplored due to inherent challenges in modeling long-term temporal dependencies in one-dimensional signals and achieving human-pe...

Heterogeneity and Controlling Mechanisms of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across Erosion Zones in China Under Future Climate Scenarios

ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC), as a key indicator of global carbon cycling and climate change response, plays a critical role in regional ecological security and agricultural sustainability. This study employs three machine learning models including the LightGBM, XGBoost, an...

Comparison of methods for in vivo and ex vivo quantification of iron in murine brain tumors

Background Iron is a redox-active biological trace element with concentration-dependent effects on human health and disease. This study evaluated multiple methods to quantify iron oxide nanoparticles for potential theragnostic applications in brain cancer. Methods Iron quantifica...

Generative Latent Space Modeling of Stamping Sound for Anomaly Detection and Predictive Maintenance

Abstract Operational condition monitoring for predictive maintenance is crucial to enable early detection of abnormal behavior and prevention of costly downtime. In industry settings, normal operation data are abundant, whereas abnormal or failure data are rarely available, limit...

Wavelength Requirements for Life Detection via Reflected Light Spectroscopy of Rocky Exoplanets

Searching for signs of life is a primary goal of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, merely detecting oxygen, methane, or other widely discussed biosignatures is insufficient evidence for a biosphere. In parallel with biosignature detection, exoplanet life detection...

Enhancement of cytokine-mediated beta-cell apoptosis by free fatty acids

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from dysfunction and loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. The body’s lipid metabolism is strongly regulated during this process but there is a need to understand how this regulation contributes to the β-cell death. Here, we investigated...

Direct avirulence effector-receptor interaction confers wheat immunity against insects

Wheat immunity against the global pest Hessian fly operates on a gene-for-gene basis, yet molecular mechanisms underlying resistance-avirulence interactions have remained elusive for over five decades due to the absence of any cloned insect-resistance gene. Here, we cloned the H1...

Acoustic virtual walls enable open, scalable, and programmable microfluidics

Microfluidic platforms are widely used across biomedical research, chemical synthesis, diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and materials science for precisely manipulating small volumes of fluids and suspended particles. However, conventional systems rely on narrow physical ch...

Broad-Scale Habitat Suitability and Fine-Scale Habitat Characterization of the Cerulean Warbler Using Species Distribution Modeling, Passive Acoustic Monitoring, LiDAR, and Satellite Remote Sensing

Understanding habitat requirements across spatial scales is important for conserving declining migratory species such as the Cerulean warbler. This study integrates data from several forms of remote sensing platforms: automated recording units, airborne LiDAR, and satellite remot...

Effect of carcass electrical stimulation on sheep and goat meat quality: a meta-analysis study

Context The utilization of electrical stimulation (ES) in small ruminant carcasses is less common than in beef processing facilities. Nevertheless, ES shows promise in mitigating cold shortening and improving meat quality traits in small ruminants. Aim This meta-analysis assessed...

Tracking the baryon number with nuclear collisions

Baryon quantum number is found to be conserved since baryogenesis in the early Universe. Conventionally, each fractionally charged valence quark is understood to carry one-third of a baryon number. An alternative hypothesis posits that baryon number is instead carried by a baryon...

Exploring Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality-Based STEM Instruction Using the Cognitive-Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL)

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) has emerged as a promising instructional technology for STEM education, yet relatively few classroom-based studies have examined student learning experiences through the lens of the Cognitive-Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL). This stud...

Impact of Using Flame-Retardant Electrolyte Additives in Li-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Ethoxy (Pentafluoro) Cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN)

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are seeing increasingly widespread adoption across consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage systems, yet their susceptibility to thermal runaway remains a concern. This study evaluates ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene...

Urine andSerum Proteome and Lipidome Analysis ofNaturally Aging Feline Species

Abstract Aging in companion animals such as cats closely relates to human aging in environmental exposures and disease manifestation, providing a valuable model for identifying biomarkers of age-associated decline. This study provides a combined proteomic and lipidomic analysis o...

Effects of Low Dosage Colloidal Nanosilica on Carbon Sequestration and Microstructure of Type I and Type IL Cement Paste

Abstract Portland limestone cement (Type 1L, PLC) is widely adopted to reduce carbon emissions in cement production, yet its potential for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C upper O 2" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow...

Conceptual System Design Case Study for Decision Analysis

As part of organizations pursuing innovation, systems engineering teams include experts in decision-driven data generation, analysis, and synthesis. These experts provide skill in crafting decision support models that show the relationship between decision alternatives and fundam...