Oregon Health & Science University

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

A Scoping Review of Psychological Distress Outcomes in NICU Healthcare Providers

The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a demanding work environment that provides medical care for acutely ill and premature infants while supporting parents experiencing significant stress and psychological distress. This scoping review is the first to examine quantitative r...

Paired oral clinical specimens reveal the underlying ecology supporting the emergence of inflammophilic microbiome communities

Across human mucosal sites, dysbiotic inflammatory diseases are characterized by compositional shifts in the resident microbiota, in which commensal-dominated communities give way to pathobiont-enriched communities where "inflammophilic" species often predominate. Effective treat...

Association of Community Factors, Firearm Laws, and Pediatric Firearm Injuries

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a zip code-level analysis of community measures and firearm legislation associated with pediatric fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries, ordered by strength of association. METHODS: This was an ecological study of 46 states and the District of Columbia from Ja...

Structural and Angiographic Assessment of the Nerve Fiber Layer in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate structural and microvascular alterations in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A total of 74 healthy controls, 101 patients with AMD, and 117 patients wit...

Beyond Chronological Age: A Scoping Review of Neurosurgical Intervention for Central Nervous System Tumors in the Very Elderly

Adults aged 75 years or older are increasingly considered for neurosurgical treatment of primary central nervous system tumors, yet the evidence guiding treatment selection remains fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Scienc...

Endovascular Stroke Thrombectomy for Patients With Concomitant Head Trauma: A Propensity Score–Matched and Machine Learning Study

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with large vessel occlusion stroke presenting with concomitant head trauma is unclear. METHODS: Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database in the United States (2016–2022), we identified adults wi...

No-Code and Low-Code Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Imaging: A Scoping Review

Introduction and aims The aim of this review was to evaluate applications, methodological characteristics, limitations and future directions of no-code, low-code and automated machine learning (LCNC/AutoML) approaches in healthcare imaging. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Goo...

Prenatal exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter and fetal growth outcomes in the United States: Findings from the ECHO Cohort

Background: Increasing exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may pose unique risks to fetal development. We assessed associations between prenatal wildfire PM 2.5 exposure and fetal growth outcomes, including birth weight at term, birth weight for gestational age...

Long-Term Follow-Up to Study of Timing of Rehabilitation After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Jae W Lee, PhD, Kody R Campbell, PhD, Prokopios Antonellis, PhD, Jennifer L Wilhelm, PT, DPT, Kathleen T Scanlan, PT, DPT, Siting Chen, MPH, Robert J Peter

Smooth Muscle Cell MAPK14 Promotes Vascular Calcification During Hyperlipidemic Aging

Vascular calcification is a hallmark of vascular aging that is accelerated by hyperlipidemia and contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key mediators of vascular calcification, the signaling pathways linking aging-associa...

Evaluation of a Zika virus-like particle-based vaccine in a highly penetrant non-human primate model of congenital infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne Orthoflavivirus that caused a major outbreak in Central and South America in 2015–16. During that outbreak, ZIKV infection during pregnancy was associated with high rates of adverse outcomes, including miscarriage and a spectrum of neurolog...

Identification of Factors That Determine Adherence for Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Background: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treatment has shifted from the utilization of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT), followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) to the implementation of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). This transition...

Sleep Management and Recovery After TBI in Kids (SMART-Kids): Pilot Trial Using Melatonin

OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) occur in more than 50% of survivors and portend worse cognitive and psychosocial outcomes. We aimed to determine feasibility and acceptability of an early melatonin and sleep education intervention study a...

Tumor-derived antioxidants suppress immunity by depriving T cells of reactive oxygen species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote genomic instability and fuel oncogenic signaling in cancer, but antioxidant therapies have so far failed to improve, or worsen, cancer outcomes. Emerging data suggest that T cells depend on ROS for signal transduction. In this study, we show...

Patient With Bilateral Corneal Opacities

A 31-year-old woman from Guam with no known medical history was referred by an ophthalmologist to a US cornea clinic for bilateral progressive blurred vision and corneal opacities. What would you do next?

Psilocybin prevents chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through mitochondrial trafficking preservation

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling, often irreversible toxicity that affects millions of patients, limits life-saving cancer therapy, and lacks proven treatment. In this work, we show that as little as two doses of psilocybin before chemotherapy dura...

Cullin 3 ubiquitin ligase regulates redox defense and metabolic programs in proximal tubule cells

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by proximal tubule (PT) stress, oxidative injury, and metabolic dysfunction. Human kidney single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) identified enrichment of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes in injure...

Virtues and Narratives in Medicine: An Analysis and Collection of Virtue-Illustrating Stories in Medical Journals

This paper draws from a framework of virtue ethics and narrative medicine to present a content analysis and teaching resource of virtue-illustrating stories found in medical journals. As acquired dispositions, virtues are cultivated not merely by listening to lectures but through...

Feasibility of Prone Positioning in Patients With Obesity and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Background Prone positioning in patients with obesity remains uncommon because of concerns about feasibility, safety, and efficacy. Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of manual prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrom...