Johns Hopkins Medicine

Toward clinically actionable lupus biomarkers: a roadmap for research, validation, and translation

Abstract Despite advances in lupus biomarker research, clinical translation has remained limited, leading to delayed diagnosis, imprecise disease monitoring, and trial-and-error treatment approaches. This roadmap, developed by the Lupus Research Alliance’s Biomarker Roadmap Commi...

Multidomain Post-Concussive Symptom Trajectories and Biopsychosocial Correlates Following Pediatric Concussion

IMPORTANCE: Understanding how post-concussive symptoms (PCS) evolve across multiple domains and how these patterns relate to biopsychosocial factors is critical for identifying children at risk of prolonged recovery following concussion. OBJECTIVE: To identify clinically meaningf...

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Medial Aspect of the Temporomandibular Joint Region

ABSTRACT Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region is the most superolateral aspect of exposure via an endonasal corridor, while studies regarding the endonasal approach to this specific region are lacking. This study aimed to provide a detailed step‐by‐step surgical te...

Development and Validation of a Coronary Artery Calcium Volume and Density Score

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a useful tool for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction. The current standard method, the Agatston score, weights plaque area upward by density. However, higher density is inversely associated with CHD. We aimed to devel...

Kynurenine Pathway Activation is Associated with Poor Sleep Efficiency in Men With HIV

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in people with HIV, yet the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Chronic immune activation in HIV can induce the tryptophan-kynurenine (TK) pathway, which both reduces melatonin synthesis and increases production of...

Exploring transcriptomic and genomic latent variable correction approaches in differential expression analysis

Abstract Background Differential expression analysis is a central tool for studying the biological processes altered in human diseases via transcriptomic signatures. However, transcriptomic datasets are systematically confounded by latent variables from two distinct sources: unme...

Distinct acute and chronic brain health phenotypes among people living with HIV in a Ugandan clinical cohort: a comorbidity network analysis

Background: Individual brain health conditions among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly well documented, but the co-occurrence of comorbidity and multimorbidity across distinct neurological and psychiatric conditions remains poorly characterized in this...

A living systematic review, meta-analysis, and open data resource of trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD

Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has emerged as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, rapidly changing evidence in a fast-moving field can be challenging to integrate. Here, we present a living systematic review and open-data m...

Executive-Function Networks in Listening and Reading Comprehension: A Comparison of Children With SeLECTS, Children With Reading Difficulties, and Typical Readers

Children with Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes (SeLECTS) display deficits in both listening and reading comprehension, as well as in executive functions (EFs). The aim of the current study was to investigate differences in EF involvement—operationalized as the co...

Institutional characteristics associated with meeting the proficiency benchmark in Brazil’s National Medical Education Assessment (ENAMED): a nationwide Bayesian hierarchical analysis

Brazil’s medical education system has expanded at an unprecedented pace, largely through policies intended to increase physician supply and reduce regional disparities. In 2025, Brazil introduced the National Medical Education Assessment Examination (ENAMED), which assesses gradu...

Brain iron as a surrogate biomarker of pathological TDP-43 identifies brain region-specific signatures in aging, and disease

Abstract Background TDP-43 pathology is a defining feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, but its prevalence and regional distribution in aging and disease are not well characterised. We investigated molecular TDP-43 dysregulation across aging, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a...

Anxiety state-related task disengagement varies with trait anxiety

Cognitively demanding tasks are often perceived as costly, leading to effort avoidance, particularly in populations with motivational impairments. Research on anxiety and cognitive effort are mixed: some suggest anxiety increases effort cost, while others indicate it can motivate...

Obstetric Pharmacomicrobiomics

Pregnancy is characterized by physiologic, metabolic, immunologic, and microbial adaptation. Medication use during pregnancy is common. Yet, therapeutic response often remains unpredictable because obstetric pharmacology has historically focused on pharmacokinetic changes while p...

Developmental Trajectories of Alcohol, Mental Health and Physical Health among American Indian and First Nation Adolescents: Understanding the Role of Land-Based Cultural Engagement, Family, and Peers

We applied the Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge (ITEK) framework to understand patterns of wellbeing among American Indian and First Nation (AI/FN) adolescents; risks and protective factors associated with alcohol use, mental health, and physical health that can be tra...

INCREASED PREVALENCE OF PANCREATIC CYSTS IN NONSECRETOR (FUT2 NULL) INDIVIDUALS UNDER PANCREATIC SURVEILLANCE

Abstract Background: Pancreatic surveillance commonly detects pancreatic cysts, most of which are presumed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). FUT2, the gene responsible for secretor status, has been implicated in IPMN development, although not with pancreatic cancer...

Biomarker discrepancies following chimeric antigen receptor T cells: implications in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Cysteine-based molecular switches: a focus on KEAP1 and BACH1 in regulating the antioxidant response

Due to the chemical properties of their thiol groups and the surrounding amino acid environment, specific cysteines in proteins serve as the principal intracellular sensors for oxidants and electrophiles. In this review, we focus on the ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-li...

Enhancing Postpartum Care for Incarcerated People With Opioid Use Disorder: A Multimodal Intervention for Jail Staff

Incarcerated postpartum individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are vulnerable to poor health outcomes, but care provision in custody for this population is variable. Addressing their distinct needs is crucial for improving correctional health care for postpartum people. In th...

Clinical management of relapse in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has a high risk of relapse, but evidence to guide management is limited. We evaluated relapse patterns, predictors, and the comparative effectiveness of maintenance and relapse treatment. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies...

Transcriptional regulation and function of GPR18 in macrophage subtype specification

Resolution of inflammation is mediated in part by agonists that engage immune cells to dampen inflammatory signaling, promote phagocytic functions, and facilitate tissue repair. G protein–coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) has emerged as an important proresolving receptor that is activa...