Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV Who Engage in Chemsex in Barcelona, Spain: Epidemiological Patterns and Implications for Infection Control

Background: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are increasingly reported among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) engaging in chemsex, yet data remain limited. This ambispective cohort study conducted at H...

Eating Behavior Latent Profiles and Their Associations With Body Composition in Early Childhood: The CORALS Cohort

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to identify sex‐specific eating behavior profiles and assess the associations between eating behaviors subscales and profiles and body composition indices in Spanish preschoolers from the CORALS cohort. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional an...

Association between risk of eating disorders and an unhealthy lifestyle score in university students: uniHcos project

Introduction The first year of university is a critical period for the consolidation of lifestyle habits and has been associated with an increased risk of developing eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ED risk among first-year Spanish university s...

Working conditions and mental health among doctors and nurses in the European Union, Iceland, and Norway: a cross-sectional survey

Background Europe faces persistent challenges in retaining and recruiting healthcare workers. Poor working conditions and deteriorating wellbeing may contribute to attrition and turnover intentions, yet large-scale studies examining associations between working conditions and men...

Elucidating the mechanism underlying incomplete immune recovery in people living with HIV through CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell multi-omics

A subset of people living with HIV (PLHIV), known as immunological non-responders (INR), fails to achieve adequate CD4⁺ T cell recovery despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). These individuals face an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. This study a...

Multicenter retrospective study on perceived effectiveness, reported side effects, and cognitive outcomes of SSRIs in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) markedly increases risk of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, and is associated with a spectrum of cognitive impairment, from borderline functioning to intellectual disability, with cognitive decline frequently reporte...

Evolution of functional and mental status and quality of life in people aged 75 years and over after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a prospective cohort study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant health and psychosocial consequences in the older adults. However, there is little community-based evidence that clearly distinguishes the effect attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection to be differentiated from the contextual impact of the...

Non-communicable disease care delivered by emergency medical teams during the Gaza Health Response in 2024–2025: an observational analysis of WHO Minimum Data Set Reports

The objective is to describe patterns of noncommunicable disease (NCD) service delivery and the operational roles of the different Emergency Medical Team (EMT) types-Type1 mobile (outpatient mobile primary care), Type1 fixed (outpatient static primary care), and Type2 (inpatient...

Sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects of lifelong caloric restriction and sodium butyrate administration in aging rats

Aging is associated with progressive metabolic dysfunction and cognitive decline, which is often accompanied by hippocampal dysfunction and sex-specific vulnerabilities. Caloric restriction (CR) and sodium butyrate (NaBu), a short-chain fatty acid that acts as a histone deacetyla...

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Ligand‐Mediated Targeted Imaging

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely employed as platforms for ligand-mediated targeting in multimodal imaging and targeted therapeutic applications owing to their intrinsic magnetic properties and versatility for surface and core modification. In additi...

Burden, perception of stigma, and gender differences among informal care partners of individuals with mild cognitive impairment

Background Caring for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasingly recognized as a significant clinical challenge. However, the latent burden, driven by perceived stigma and gender-specific vulnerabilities, remains poorly characterized during these early stage...

Colorectal Cancer Mortality Following an Organized Fecal Immunochemical Test–Based Screening Program

Importance Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Organized screening programs using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) have been implemented to reduce CRC mortality through early detection. Objectives To evaluate the association betwee...

Vancomycin optimised dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy

Optimal dosing of vancomycin in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is uncertain due to high pharmacokinetic variability. We aimed to develop individualised vancomycin dosing recommendations that optimise efficacy while minimising toxicity. Prospecti...

Circulating MMP-7 is associated with cognitive decline in individuals with vascular risk factors

Background Vascular risk factors contribute substantially to late-life cognitive impairment and interact with neurodegenerative processes underlying dementia. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has emerged as a key mechanism linking vascular pathology to cognitive decline; how...

Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Other Than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Species in Pediatric Blood Cultures: A Multicenter European Analysis

BACKGROUND: Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in pediatric populations, yet their epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance remain poorly defined. METHODS: We conducted a mul...

Weight regain after obesity treatment: mechanisms, predictors, and real-world evidence from the IGOBE program

Weight regain is the defining challenge of obesity treatment and remains insufficiently addressed in current clinical paradigms. Despite substantial initial weight loss achieved through lifestyle, pharmacological, or surgical interventions, most individuals experience partial or...

Are exercise benefits in older adults clinically meaningful?: An ancillary and follow-up analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Physical exercise is beneficial for older adults, but little is known about inter-individual response variability or whether its effects reach clinical significance. We analyzed individual clinically meaningful responses to exercise in older adults. This is an ancillary analysis...

LPA genetic variation is associated with type 2 diabetes after adjustment for lipoprotein(a) concentration: results of the Aragon Workers’ health study

Abstract Background Epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies have reported an inverse relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration and type 2 diabetes (T2D), although findings have not been uniform across studies. We hypothesized that genetic variation at...

Identification of a Duplication in the RP17 Locus in an Individual With Pathogenic CEP290 Variants: Implications for RP17 Variant Classification

Purpose: To assess the pathogenicity of a novel duplication in the RP17 locus identified in a cone dystrophy proband with biallelic CEP290 variants. Structural variants (SVs) in this locus have previously been associated with dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Methods: Inheritance of...

MassCas tabletop game as a training tool in mass casualty incidents for undergraduate medical students: a quasi-experimental study with knowledge assessment at 6-month follow-up

Mass casualty incidents (MCI) require a coordinated prehospital response from multiple healthcare teams. Undergraduate medical students rarely receive systematic MCI training, and some of the methods that have shown good results so far, full-scale simulations and extended reality...