Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Impact of a lifestyle intervention on the quality of life of people living with and beyond cancer – a feasibility study

Abstract Background Lifestyle interventions can reduce treatment-related side effects, promote health and improve quality of life (QoL) in people living with and beyond cancer (PLWBC). However, few studies focus on diet, physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) as an integra...

Changes in Physical Activity and Psychological Status in Patients with COPD Between Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Assessments: A Pilot Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Physical activity is a key prognostic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but changes in physical activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal coh...

CXCL9-driven immune rewiring and tumor-intrinsic ATR signaling inhibition restore radiotherapy response in lung cancer

Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~ 85% of lung cancers and is associated with poor outcomes in advanced stages. Radiotherapy (RT) is central to NSCLC treatment, yet locoregional relapse remains frequent. Increasing evidence indicates that, beyon...

Geographic variation in migration background and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake in the Madrid region, Spain: an ecological analysis

Abstract Background People with a migration background have experienced a high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease progression. Promoting vaccination uptake among these groups is crucial, however, in many areas, uptake has remained unevaluated. This study explored t...

Mediterranean lifestyle and risk of recurrent cardiovascular events: a prospective study from the UK biobank

Abstract Background The Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (MEDLIFE) evaluates adherence to traditional Mediterranean living, encompassing diet, physical activity, rest and conviviality. Although it has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and other c...

Recent and long-term glycation markers and asymptomatic cerebral microangiopathy in adults without diabetes: the ILERVAS study

Cerebral microangiopathy encompasses a spectrum of pathological alterations affecting the brain microvasculature. Elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of recent glycemic exposure, has been associated with a greater burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid a...

Thermotherapy compared with intralesional sodium stibogluconate for Leishmania aethiopica cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: A phase II randomized controlled trial

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health challenge in Ethiopia with an estimated 20,000–30,000 new cases annually. Despite this high disease burden, management is constrained by limited therapeutic options and lack of local clinical trial evidence to guide rout...

Adaptive response to serine and glycine deprivation enhances the stemness potential of pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops within a nutrient-poor microenvironment, where pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) can persist despite limited oxygen and nutrient availability. This resilience partially relies on mitochondrial metabolic flexibility. Serine and...

Territorial inequities in access to essential medicines for neglected tropical diseases in a decentralised European health system: a nationwide assessment in Spain

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent an increasing but often overlooked challenge for European health systems owing to international mobility, migration, travel, and climate-related changes in disease ecology. Although effective treatments exist for mo...

Mental disorders, service use, and perceived treatment need among college students after the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of social connection: an epidemiological study

Abstract Background College students affected by mental disorders can be very impaired; yet, treatment rates remain low. The COVID-19 pandemic undoubtably posed strain on students, limiting their social life, which is an important determinant of health. However, recent estimates...

Interaction of walking activity and long-term air pollution on exacerbation rate in COPD

Background Regular walking activity can improve the prognosis in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its benefit may be reduced when living in highly polluted areas. Aim To assess the combined effects of walking activity and air pollution on the rat...

Urinary Hypaphorine as a Candidate Marker of FFQ-Derived Legume Intake Within the EAT-Lancet Framework in Free-Living Adults

Dietary assessment is affected by recall, reporting, portion-size error, and food-composition inconsistencies. Hypaphorine, a tryptophan-derived betaine alkaloid found in pulses and other foods, has been proposed as a marker of legume exposure, but its performance in free-living...

CNS distribution and preclinical activity of the PI3K/AKT inhibitors inavolisib and ipatasertib in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas

Abstract Purpose Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are aggressive, largely incurable malignancies often characterized by PI3K/AKT pathway activation. This study investigated whether the PI3K inhibitor inavolisib and the AKT inhibitor ipatasertib could achieve thera...

The Myokine Landscape: Sources, Signaling, and Context-Dependent Actions

In addition to its contractile role, skeletal muscle has important secretory functions and communicates with local and distant tissues through myokines, a heterogeneous group of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, peptides, and extracellular-matrix-associated proteins released...

Baseline Ferritin and Body Composition as Correlates of Longitudinal Metabolic Changes During an Energy-Restricted Mediterranean-Style Intervention Across Three Overweight Phlogistic-Related Clinical Conditions

Background/Objectives: Chronic inflammation accompanies obesity, but correlations of longitudinal changes during dietary follow-up remain unclear. We described inflammatory profiles and examined associations of baseline ferritin and body composition with changes during a 32-week...

Dynamic coordination engineering of gallium biomaterials: A biological accessibility framework for therapeutic biofunction

Gallium (Ga)-based biomaterials have emerged as versatile therapeutic platforms owing to the iron-mimicking properties and broad biological activities of gallium. Coordination engineering regulates Ga speciation, stability, transport, and therapeutic activation; however, optimizi...

Dietary Patterns, Micronutrient Adequacy, and Metabolic Vulnerability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Narrative Review

Dietary factors may influence cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but observational associations, mechanistic findings, and intervention effects should not be considered equivalent evidence. This critical narrative review examines how dietary patterns, micronutrient ade...

Associations Between Chocolate Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers Across Metabolic Profiles: Insights from a Population-Based Study

Background/Objectives: Studies evaluating the association between chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic health have reported inconsistent findings, and whether these associations differ according to underlying metabolic status remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analy...

Comparative analysis of blood inflammatory profile and intestinal microbiota in late-fetal growth restriction vs. normal pregnancy

To determine the association of blood inflammatory biomarkers and intestinal microbiota composition in women with late-onset fetal growth restriction. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pathological condition in which fetus fails to achieve its genetically determined growth pote...

B7-H6 orchestrates oncogenic signaling and represents a therapeutic vulnerability in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

B7-H6 (NCR3LG1) is an immune checkpoint protein belonging to the B7 family of immunomodulatory proteins and serves as a ligand for the natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor NKp30 (NCR3) expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition to its extracellular immunomodulatory d...