Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects of lifelong caloric restriction and sodium butyrate administration in aging rats

Aging is associated with progressive metabolic dysfunction and cognitive decline, which is often accompanied by hippocampal dysfunction and sex-specific vulnerabilities. Caloric restriction (CR) and sodium butyrate (NaBu), a short-chain fatty acid that acts as a histone deacetyla...

Evolution of functional and mental status and quality of life in people aged 75 years and over after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a prospective cohort study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant health and psychosocial consequences in the older adults. However, there is little community-based evidence that clearly distinguishes the effect attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection to be differentiated from the contextual impact of the...

Elucidating the mechanism underlying incomplete immune recovery in people living with HIV through CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell multi-omics

A subset of people living with HIV (PLHIV), known as immunological non-responders (INR), fails to achieve adequate CD4⁺ T cell recovery despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). These individuals face an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. This study a...

Multicenter retrospective study on perceived effectiveness, reported side effects, and cognitive outcomes of SSRIs in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) markedly increases risk of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, and is associated with a spectrum of cognitive impairment, from borderline functioning to intellectual disability, with cognitive decline frequently reporte...

Colorectal Cancer Mortality Following an Organized Fecal Immunochemical Test–Based Screening Program

Importance Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Organized screening programs using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) have been implemented to reduce CRC mortality through early detection. Objectives To evaluate the association betwee...

Burden, perception of stigma, and gender differences among informal care partners of individuals with mild cognitive impairment

Background Caring for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasingly recognized as a significant clinical challenge. However, the latent burden, driven by perceived stigma and gender-specific vulnerabilities, remains poorly characterized during these early stage...

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Ligand‐Mediated Targeted Imaging

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely employed as platforms for ligand-mediated targeting in multimodal imaging and targeted therapeutic applications owing to their intrinsic magnetic properties and versatility for surface and core modification. In additi...

Weight regain after obesity treatment: mechanisms, predictors, and real-world evidence from the IGOBE program

Weight regain is the defining challenge of obesity treatment and remains insufficiently addressed in current clinical paradigms. Despite substantial initial weight loss achieved through lifestyle, pharmacological, or surgical interventions, most individuals experience partial or...

Vancomycin optimised dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy

Optimal dosing of vancomycin in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is uncertain due to high pharmacokinetic variability. We aimed to develop individualised vancomycin dosing recommendations that optimise efficacy while minimising toxicity. Prospecti...

Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Other Than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Species in Pediatric Blood Cultures: A Multicenter European Analysis

BACKGROUND: Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in pediatric populations, yet their epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance remain poorly defined. METHODS: We conducted a mul...

Circulating MMP-7 is associated with cognitive decline in individuals with vascular risk factors

Background Vascular risk factors contribute substantially to late-life cognitive impairment and interact with neurodegenerative processes underlying dementia. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has emerged as a key mechanism linking vascular pathology to cognitive decline; how...

Are exercise benefits in older adults clinically meaningful?: An ancillary and follow-up analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Physical exercise is beneficial for older adults, but little is known about inter-individual response variability or whether its effects reach clinical significance. We analyzed individual clinically meaningful responses to exercise in older adults. This is an ancillary analysis...

LPA genetic variation is associated with type 2 diabetes after adjustment for lipoprotein(a) concentration: results of the Aragon Workers’ health study

Abstract Background Epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies have reported an inverse relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration and type 2 diabetes (T2D), although findings have not been uniform across studies. We hypothesized that genetic variation at...

Identification of a Duplication in the RP17 Locus in an Individual With Pathogenic CEP290 Variants: Implications for RP17 Variant Classification

Purpose: To assess the pathogenicity of a novel duplication in the RP17 locus identified in a cone dystrophy proband with biallelic CEP290 variants. Structural variants (SVs) in this locus have previously been associated with dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Methods: Inheritance of...

Smoking cessation experiences during alcohol and cannabis treatment in substance use programmes in Catalonia: A qualitative study

Tobacco use remains disproportionately high among people receiving treatment for alcohol or cannabis use, yet it is rarely addressed in substance use services. This study explored the lived experiences of people who smoke while undergoing treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis use...

MassCas tabletop game as a training tool in mass casualty incidents for undergraduate medical students: a quasi-experimental study with knowledge assessment at 6-month follow-up

Mass casualty incidents (MCI) require a coordinated prehospital response from multiple healthcare teams. Undergraduate medical students rarely receive systematic MCI training, and some of the methods that have shown good results so far, full-scale simulations and extended reality...

Barriers and facilitators to advance care planning implementation: a qualitative interprofessional study in the Spanish public health and social care system

Advance Care Planning (ACP) is essential for improving the quality of end-of-life care. Despite having a well-established legal framework, the implementation of ACP in Spain is limited and largely bureaucratic. The existing literature has primarily focused on knowledge deficits a...

Mitochondrial aggregates as a novel quality control mechanism and potential relationship to lipofuscinogenesis

Mitochondria employ quality control mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Under chronic stress, these systems become overwhelmed, causing intramitochondrial aggregates formation. As a potential quality control process when canonical pathways are compromised, we propose a model of m...