Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Effects of a Chilean Hazelnut-Supplemented Diet on Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Expression in PBMCs of Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background/Objectives: Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status. Nuts have been shown to mitigate these alterations; however, limited evidence is available regarding their effects in the Chilean population...

Changes in Bile Acid Metabolism and Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone Responses After Malabsorptive Metabolic Surgery: RYGB Versus SADI-S

Background/Objectives: Bariatric–metabolic surgery (BMS) improves obesity through neuroendocrine mechanisms involving bile acids (BAs) and nutrient-stimulated gastrointestinal hormones. However, the underlying pathophysiology involved remains poorly understood. BAs are essential...

Schizophrenia research in 2026: report from the annual meeting of the Schizophrenia International Research Society

Abstract SIRS 2026, held under the theme “Schizophrenia Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence,” brought together researchers, clinicians, and persons with lived experience to take stock of a field whose tools for measuring, predicting, and intervening in psychosis have e...

Association Between the GMI / HbA1c Ratio and Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective To clarify whether the glucose management indicator (GMI)/glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio (GMI/HbA1c ratio) is an independent predictor of microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Design and Methods Multicentre, cross‐sectional, observational st...

A CXCR4-Targeted Dual-Acting Nanoconjugate Combines Protein-Toxin and Small-Molecule Warheads for Synergistic Cytotoxicity

Abstract Self-assembling multivalent protein nanoparticles with an architecture based on His-metal coordination and specific binding to cancer stem cells have emerged as promising tools for the selective delivery of microbial toxins in oncology, reaching precise cytotoxic effects...

A GPRC5B–Fyn signaling axis regulates VRAC activity by targeting LRRC8A

The mechanisms by which physiological signals gate the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a GPRC5B–Fyn signaling axis that directly controls VRAC activation by targeting the essential subunit LRRC8A. We found that the orphan G protei...

Design and validation of a GMP-compliant manufacturing platform of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells

There is growing interest in mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) as key components in the development of next-generation regenerative cell-free therapies; however, their clinical translation remains limited by a lack of validated clinical-grade manuf...

Sex-related differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis bloodstream infection

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Enterococcus faecalis bloodstream infection (EF-BSI) differ by biological sex. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study conducted at two hospitals, comprising a retrospective phase (2017-2019) and a p...

A Cox-Based Framework for Quantile Estimation

Quantile regression (QR) provides a flexible framework for characterizing conditional distributions and can offer useful insights for quantile estimation. In this paper, we provide intuition for the interpretation of QR by highlighting the approach that it is a reparameterization...

Global Incidence of All-Cause Dementia

Importance Global dementia incidence estimates are limited by underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries and heterogeneous analytic methods. Due to these limitations, true understanding of the global dementia landscape remains incomplete. Objective To identify dement...

Patient–ventilator asynchronies beyond the waveform

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patient-ventilator asynchrony is commonly treated as a technical mismatch requiring correction, although asynchronous breaths are not uniformly harmful and apparent synchrony may conceal injurious effort. This review summarizes evidence from the past 18 months...

Convolutional Neural Networks for Sleep Apnea Detection from Electrocardiographic Signals

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disorder with important consequences for cardiovascular health and quality of life. Its often non-specific clinical presentation contributes to substantial underdiagnosis, while the logistical, te...

Irreversible electroporation for liver metastases not amenable to conventional treatments, an experience with technical challenges, clinical outcomes, and complications

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique for perivascular liver tumors unsuitable for conventional thermal ablation due to heat-sink effects. This prospective, single-center, single-arm study (2020–2025) evaluated IRE in 14 patients with 16 anatomica...

Expired endoscopic devices remain sterile and functional: an international multicentre study challenging current shelf-life criteria

Background and study aims Expired medical devices represent an environmental and economic concern, yet their magnitude and true shelf life remain poorly defined. We aimed to quantify the volume and cost of expired endoscopic devices and evaluate their sterility and functionality...

Effect of amaranth flatbread on maternal anthropometry during pregnancy: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Southern Ethiopia

Introduction Maternal undernutrition and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remain major public health challenges in Ethiopia, contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and poor maternal health. Amaranth, a nutrient-dense pseudocereal, has demonstrated potential to improve maternal nu...

The HEADSpAcE Data Center: An international data and biospecimen resource for head and neck cancer translational research

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies with substantial variation in incidence, risk factors, and outcomes across populations. Existing studies are often limited by regional scope or lack integration of epidemiological, clinical, and molecular...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

A nutrient-sensitive CPT1C-ABHD6 axis regulates BMP homeostasis and endolysosomal function in hypothalamic neurons

The endolysosomal system is central to neuronal homeostasis, yet how nutrient sensing regulates endolysosomal lipids remains poorly understood. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a signature phospholipid of late endosomes, is required for intraluminal vesicle formation, cholest...

Validating Type 2 Diabetes Diagnoses Across the Madrid Hospital Network: Evidence for Secondary Use of the CMBD in the European Health Data Space

Background/Objectives: Hospital discharge data are increasingly reused for research and within health data spaces, but their value depends on accurate diagnostic coding. The validity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coding in the Spanish hospital discharge database (CMBD) had n...

European joint programme HBM4EU - Bridging science and policy: experiences and lessons learned from the key partners in the scientific steering of the initiative

The European Joint Programme HBM4EU was established to address politically relevant questions on chemical risks to public health through a targeted human biomonitoring research programme. Running from 2017 to 2022, it was co-financed by the EU's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovati...