Charles University

Atomic-Level Structures Reveal How a Repurposed 3-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide Scaffold Inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is again the world’s leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are essential for protein synthesis and are promising drug targets because bacterial and human enzymes differ. We repurposed a human prolyl-tRNA synth...

Diagnostic pathways, healthcare utilization, and mortality in children and young people with early onset substance use disorders: a nationwide registry-based cohort study

Longitudinal, population-based evidence on the clinical profiles and mortality of youth with substance use disorders (SUDs) is limited, despite significant health and social risks. This study aimed to (1) characterize initial SUD diagnoses, demographic and healthcare profiles, an...

Who benefits from an imperative?

Abstract The distribution of benefits associated with a projected future action has been considered important in determining the type of directive expressed by an imperative. However, there has been little research on how speakers perceive the beneficiary of future action in impe...

Nanopore long-read sequencing facilitates accurate diagnosis of KMT2B-related dystonia

Abstract Diagnosis of KMT2B -related dystonia remains challenging due to the high prevalence of variants of uncertain significance and technological constraint of short-read pipelines. To overcome these limitations, we integrated nanopore-based long-read sequencing with a validat...

The Impact of Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Solar Irradiance on Ultramarathon Running Speed in Women and Men

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: The running speed of women was suggested to be less impacted by heat stress than that of men in marathons, but this has been scarcely studied in ultramarathons. Lower running speeds in ultramarathons may reduce heat stress and therefore attenuate weather-rel...

Population genomics unravel structural variation of venom-encoding genes across the desert viper genus Cerastes

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differentiation is central to evolutionary biology. Yet most traits are shaped by complex, polygenic architectures, making links between genomic change and phenotype difficult to resolve. Venom provides an advantageous...

Electrically controllable superconducting memory effect in UTe2

Abstract Multiphase superconductors—materials that host two or more distinct superconductive phases—are exceptionally rare. Examples include heavy-fermion CeRh 2 As 2 alongside some uranium compounds such as UPt 3 and URhGe (refs. 1,2,3 ). In the multiphase p -wave superfluid 3 H...

Comparative Analysis of Drop Mass Variance for Manual and Automatic Delivery of Large–Scale Eye Drop Poultry Vaccine

Abstract The delivery of ocular vaccines in the poultry industry is a crucial challenge, where manual eye-drop administration is prone to user-dependent variation. This leads to significant vaccine waste, increased labor costs, and potential health risks to animals. Employing rob...

Albendazole as an Environmental Contaminant: Transport from Dung to Soil and Uptake to Crops

Abstract The application of livestock manure can introduce veterinary anthelmintic residues into agroecosystems, yet their transfer from manure to soil and crops under realistic conditions remains poorly understood. This study investigated the fate of albendazole and its metaboli...

Synthesis and Pd(II) Complexes of an Unsymmetric and Flexible Ferrocene Bisphosphine

To expand the family of flexible homologated analogs of 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, the unsymmetric bisphosphine 1‐(diphenylphosphino)‐1′‐[2‐(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]ferrocene ( 1 ) was prepared and examined as a ligand in Pd(II) complexes. The compound was obtained by...

From established biology to candidate archetypes in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: the ARCHETYPE-PX evidence framework and consensus method

Background. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) causes most deaths from ovarian cancer, and treatment remains largely empirical outside the homologous-recombination-deficient subgroup. Genomic, immune, stromal and treatment-induced states with different therapeutic vulner...

At the intersection of policy and digital tools: Boundary work and professional identity among Chinese schoolteachers and shadow-education tutors under the double reduction policy

China's Double Reduction Policy (DRP) restricts private tutoring and expands school-based after-school services. At the same time, digital and AI-supported tools are changing how teachers organise, monitor, and justify their work. These forces are usually studied separately. Base...

International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising globally. At the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, between 20% and 67% of children and adolescents present wit...

Past and present phage therapy research and practice in the Czech Republic – contribution to phage therapy in Europe

Renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy, driven by the global rise of antimicrobial resistance, is accelerating efforts to establish its rational, evidence-based use in clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical milestones, current status...

Two‐Block Paths in Oriented Graphs of Large Semidegree

ABSTRACT We study the existence of oriented paths with two blocks in oriented graphs under semidegree conditions. A block of an oriented path is a maximal directed subpath. Given positive integers and with , we establish a semidegree function that guarantees the containment of ev...

Concept for AI-Assisted Mammalian Negligible Aging

Version 0.3; Extends the original concept to AI-assisted biological maintenance and develops operational criteria for testing success. Distinguishes AI-related performance gains, sustained biological maintenance and evidence supporting organism-level negligible aging. Adds a pres...

Concept for AI-Assisted Mammalian Negligible Aging

Version 0.3; Extends the original concept to AI-assisted biological maintenance and develops operational criteria for testing success. Distinguishes AI-related performance gains, sustained biological maintenance and evidence supporting organism-level negligible aging. Adds a pres...

Clay mineral surface area and pore size have contrasting effect on accumulation of soil organic matter fractions in the rhizosphere

Abstract Clay minerals play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation. This study used a series of pot experiments to observe carbon (C) storage in rhizosphere of two plant species Festuca rubra and Lotus corniculatus growing in three soil forming substrates dom...

GWSWEX v1.0: a dual-solver 1D unsaturated zone model for mass-conservative groundwater recharge and runoff computation in distributed hydrological modelling

Abstract. Faithful numerical representation of the coupled groundwater (GW)–unsaturated-zone (UZ)–surface-water (SW) dynamics at regional scales is constrained by the structural extremes currently available: fully three-dimensional Richards-equation solvers resolve variably satur...

Introducing relative pollen productivity estimates for Iberian taxa: methodological insights and implications for landscape modelling in the Western Mediterranean

Abstract. Understanding the impact of ongoing global change on plant communities requires long-term quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation dynamics. Fossil pollen records offer one of the most powerful tools to reconstruct past landscapes, yet for their accurate interpre...