Charles University

Immunopeptidomics reveals conserved and abundant Francisella tularensis proteins as immunogenic CD4 T cell antigens in mice

Human tularemia is caused by infection with the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis . The ability of the bacterium to cause a severe pneumonic form of the disease has led to concerns in the field of biodefense and efforts to develop a vaccine. F. tularensis LVS provide...

A goodness-of-fit test for the zeta distribution with unknown parameter

Abstract We introduce a new goodness-of-fit test for count data on $$\mathbb {N}$$ N for the Zeta distribution with unknown parameter. The test is built on a Stein-type characterization that uses, as Stein operator, the infinitesimal generator of a birth–death process whose stati...

Holobiomes in succession: post-glacial microbial communities are structured by hosts, time and habitat heterogeneity

Abstract Glacier forefields provide model ecosystems for studying primary succession, where newly exposed substrates are colonized by microbes associated with lichens, biological soil crusts (BSCs), mosses, vascular plants, and bulk soil. Collectively, these sources form an inter...

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease: A Genotype‐Stratified Study of PMP22 Duplication and GJB1 Mutation Carriers

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Data on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) are sparse in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CAN in CMT1A and CMTX1 and its associations with neuropathy severity and heart rate variability (HRV), compared with a...

Nociception monitoring during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: limitations and future directions

Abstract Adequate suppression of nociception remains a fundamental objective of modern cardiac anaesthesia. Interpretation of nociception monitoring during cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), however, is complicated by profound physiological alterations includ...

Two-year smartphone motor monitoring in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson’s disease

Abstract We aimed to assess the sensitivity of key motor smartphone tasks to detect disease progression in subjects with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and early Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to healthy controls. Twenty-six healthy controls, 22 pat...

Galectin-3 restrains T cell-driven inflammation in the testis and epididymis

Abstract Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic molecule involved in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis. While it has been implicated in reproductive tissue function, its role in shaping immune cell dynamics within the testis and epididymis remains incompletely defined. Here,...

The role of autoproteolysis and mitoribosomal proteins in the regulation of the mitochondrial LACTB tumor suppressor

Abstract Tumor suppressors represent one of the first lines of defense against malignant transformation, and their inactivation in cells leads to the onset of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells employ various mechanisms to inactivate cellular tumor suppressors, including epigenetic sile...

Behavioural and contextual drivers of agri-environmental schemes adoption among large-scale farms in Czechia

Agriculture substantially contributes to environmental and climate change, with agri-environmental schemes (AES) often used to reduce the associated impacts. In the EU, they are publicly funded, voluntary and incentivised through financial payments, but they can encounter resista...

A luminal proteome of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus reveals a novel modulator of ER stress tolerance in African trypanosomes

African trypanosomes employ specialized mechanisms of membrane trafficking as a strategy to persist in both the mammalian host and insect vector. Their survival relies on continuous synthesis and surface delivery of extremely abundant surface coat proteins, imposing an extraordin...

Operando and Postmortem Study of Iridium-Decorated Titanium-Based Catalysts in PEM Water Electrolysis

Abstract Understanding the dynamic degradation of oxygen-evolution electrocatalysts under realistic operating conditions is essential for advancing the performance and efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers. By combining operando Small-Angle and Wide-Ang...

Emotional Empathy and Emotional Empathy Training for Medical Students: A Systematic Review

Introduction Emotional empathy is a key component of medical professionalism, enhancing doctor–patient communication, trust, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. However, research suggests that emotional empathy tends to decline during medical education, with potential neg...

Large-scale esophageal cancer screening through noncontrast computed tomography and artificial intelligence

The absence of accurate, noninvasive, scalable screening tools keeps early esophageal cancer (EC) detection a global health challenge. Although noncontrast computed tomography (NC CT) is widely accessible, the esophagus is a hollow tubular structure prone to collapse and motion a...

Theranostics in the management of prostate cancer: from concept to clinical practice

INTRODUCTION: Radiotheranostics, integrating diagnostic imaging with targeted radiotherapy using molecularly matched radioactive agents, has emerged as a transformative approach in the management of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the dominant clinic...

A small Radon–Nikodým compact space from a parametrized diamond

A compact space K is Radon–Nikodým if there is a lower semicontinuous metric fragmenting K. In this note, we show that, under ♢(non(M)), there is a Radon–Nikodým compact space of weight ℵ1 with a continuous image that is not Radon–Nikodým, which partially answers a question posed...

Delivering the EU Safe Hearts Plan: the essential role of laboratory medicine in cardiovascular health

Abstract The European Union Safe Hearts Plan provides an opportunity to strengthen cardiovascular prevention, early detection, treatment, and monitoring across Europe. This EFLM position paper argues that laboratory medicine must be recognized as a central component of its implem...

Arm position, but not laterality or climbing ability, modulates forearm oxygen recovery dynamics in rock climbers

Forearm muscle oxygen recovery has been identified as an important physiological correlate of climbing performance, yet it is typically assessed in positions that do not reflect the overhead demands of climbing. It remains unclear to what extent arm position and upper-limb latera...

The parasite regulation hypothesis revisited: helminth and coccidian evidence from voles and lemmings

Population cycles in voles and lemmings have long stimulated interest in parasites as potential density-dependent regulators. Nevertheless, the evidence remains fragmented. This review was motivated by our initial finding that several published claims about the effects of parasit...

Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidines by Synergistic Catalysis

Abstract A stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of highly substituted spiropyrrolidines via synergistic catalysis was developed. The transformation is based on a cooperative catalytic system combining chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysis with achiral palladium catalysi...

Nanopore long-read sequencing facilitates accurate diagnosis of KMT2B-related dystonia

Abstract Diagnosis of KMT2B -related dystonia remains challenging due to the high prevalence of variants of uncertain significance and technological constraint of short-read pipelines. To overcome these limitations, we integrated nanopore-based long-read sequencing with a validat...