Case Western Reserve University

The janus-faced function of mesenchymal stem cells in oral cancer

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exist in bone marrow, tooth pulp, and tumor microenvironments, have a dual role in oral malignancies. These cells interact closely with cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). On the one hand, MSCs accelerate the growth...

Association between clinician team structure and continuous pulse oximetry overuse among infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: An Eliminating Monitor Overuse Trial substudy

Abstract Continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO 2 ) monitoring for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis not requiring supplemental oxygen is an established form of medical overuse. We examined whether clinician team structure influences cSpO 2 overuse. In this secondary analysis of...

Where Are They Now? A Survey of Health Humanities Program Graduates

Abstract While health humanities baccalaureate and graduate programs have been increasing in recent years, little is known about the further education and career paths of program graduates or how a health humanities education may equip them for future endeavors. This information...

Analysis of a hypomorphic mei-P26 mutation reveals coordination between developmental programming of germ cells and meiotic chromosome dynamics.

Female gametogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster requires differentiation and mitotic division of germ cells, acquisition of oocyte fate, and entry into meiosis. Each of these processes is well understood individually; however, little is known about the mechanisms that ensure prop...

A compendium of next-generation patient-derived models for diverse cancers

Abstract The development of new therapeutics and the validation of pathogenetic cancer mechanisms require representative laboratory models 1,2 . However, existing collections represent only a fraction of the diversity observed in human cancer 2–4 . Recent technologies have enable...

Developmental shifts in eye morphology and visual ecology of banded flower mantis ( Theopropus elegans )

Abstract Compound eyes display high morphological diversity across arthropods, including rare cone-shaped forms whose visual function is puzzling because their unusual shape seems to defy expectations of how eyes sample visual space. Species in which eye shape changes through dev...

Maternal nutrition determines the variable expressivity of STRA6-associated eye malformations

Mutations in STRA6 , the high-affinity receptor for retinol-binding protein, cause Matthew-Wood syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by striking phenotypic variability ranging from isolated ocular anomalies to severe multisystem malformations. The mechanisms underlying t...

Innate immune recognition of Debaryomyces hansenii requires Dectin-1-Card9 signaling

ABSTRACT Innate immune signaling plays a key role in host response to infection, yet the pattern recognition receptors that detect non-model gut-associated yeasts remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated macrophage sensing of Debaryomyces hansenii , a food-derived yeast that...

A rapid approach to detect methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus directly from clinical specimens

ABSTRACT Screening of methicillin-resistant/susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) is important for healthcare facilities to prevent hospital-acquired infections. The two common MRSA screening approaches are culture-based testing with selective and/or differential properti...

A foundation model for sleep-based risk stratification and clinical outcomes

Abstract Clinical sleep studies capture multiple physiologic signals, yet interpretation is often reduced to single summary measures of limited prognostic value, such as the apnea–hypopnea index. We present a foundation model that learns rich representations of sleep physiology f...

Reflux symptom burden and objective findings at long-term follow-up after peroral endoscopic myotomy

BACKGROUND: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) effectively treats achalasia but confers a significant risk of postoperative gastroesophageal reflux. Studies demonstrate poor short-term correlation between reflux symptoms and objective findings, but long-term outcomes remain unclea...

First-principles study of infrared, Raman, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of Mg–IV–N2 (IV = Si, Ge, Sn)

Mg–IV–N2 compounds with IV = Si, Ge, and Sn are ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors with various potential electronic and optoelectronic applications. They share the Pna21 space group crystal structure. Here, we present density functional perturbation theory calculations of the vib...

Developmental dynamics of ovine lung in health and cystic fibrosis at single-cell resolution

Abstract The sheep lung has long been used to model aspects of the human lung, both its normal development and pathological changes that occur in ovine models of lung disease. The similarities between the two species provide an opportunity to investigate phases of lung developmen...

Clinical guidelines addressing complex and ‘wicked’ problems

Clinical guidelines aid decision-making, but their simplifying strength becomes a limitation in complex, value-laden situations. Once meant to summarise evidence, they now function as prescriptive standards used in quality and legal assessments. Overly rigid directives can underm...