Case Western Reserve University

Preexisting depression and early outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: a propensity score–matched cohort study

BACKGROUND: Depression is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated with adverse outcomes, but most studies examine depression arising after IBD diagnosis. Whether depression predating IBD diagnosis is independently associated with early postdiagnosis outcomes rem...

Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on weight change among people with HIV: a real-world longitudinal cohort study

Obesity is common among people with HIV (PWH), yet evidence on weight loss with newer antidiabetic medications in this population is limited. We compared bodyweight change associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2)...

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on arrhythmic and device-therapy outcomes in heart failure patients with ICD/CRT-D: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve heart failure outcomes, but their association with arrhythmic events and device-therapy endpoints in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator...

Reducing Postoperative Opioid Use in Orthopaedics: A Review of Multimodal Analgesia Strategies, Patient Outcomes, and Implementation into Practice

The opioid crisis has underscored the urgent need for safer, more effective postoperative pain management strategies in orthopaedic surgery. Traditionally, opioids have played a central role in post-surgical analgesia. Still, emerging evidence supports the use of multimodal analg...

Promoting Optimal Pediatric Readiness at US Trauma Centers: Understanding and Addressing Barriers

Children treated at facilities prepared to provide emergency pediatric care have improved outcomes, but access to pediatric-ready care remains inconsistent. A multidisciplinary spotlight session at the 2026 American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Annual Meeting examined...

Examining the Relation Between Intimate Partner Violence and Housing Instability by Gender

Abstract Purpose Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) frequently face housing challenges both during and after experiencing abuse. Although previous studies have identified a link between IPV and housing instability, limitations in measurement and sampling have left signi...

Repurposed therapeutics in alzheimer’s disease: a comparative analysis of generic and patent-protected agents (2016–2025)

Repurposing approved drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) offers a cost-effective strategy to accelerate therapeutic development. This study characterizes the role of repurposed agents in the 2025 AD drug development pipeline. Data was obtained from clinicaltrials.gov using an auto...

Mapping the fascicular morphology and organization of the human sciatic nerve via high-resolution MicroCT imaging

Abstract Implanted neuroprostheses can restore standing and walking after spinal cord injury and somatosensation after limb loss. Yet current approaches often fail to reliably activate hamstring muscles crucial for upright stability and mobility or to target afferent fibers for s...

Modeling synaptic interactions between mammalian breathing and swallowing central pattern generators

Abstract Breathing and swallowing are tightly coupled motor behaviors whose execution depends on the coordinated activity of two brainstem central pattern generators (R-CPG, Sw-CPG). We present a mechanistic neural network model that captures this coordination. The model was buil...

Comparing outcomes for middle meningeal artery embolization on traumatic non-acute subdural hematomas in surgical and non-surgical patients

Background and Objectives Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMA embolization) is a minimally invasive procedure thought to safely lower the risk of hematoma progression and recurrence. This study aims to assess patients admitted with traumatic subacute/chronic SDH and compare...

National mortality trends due to OSA and respiratory failure in U.S adults from 1999–2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and respiratory failure (RF) represent increasing clinical and public health challenges in the United States, yet national trends in mortality remain underexplored. This study evaluates trends in mortality associated with OSA and RF to highlight targ...

The Evolution of Fitness Landscapes: From Visualizing Evolution to Controlling It

Fitness landscapes have long served as a conceptual tool in evolutionary biology. In recent years, however, they have shifted from being viewed primarily as theoretical constructs to being used to interpret experimental data and, increasingly, to guide evolutionary outcomes in bi...

Minimization of Coriolis Effect on Heat Transfer Over a Partially Heated Wall in a Rotating Enclosure

Abstract To study heat transfer and combustion in reduced gravity environments, such as those on the Moon or Mars, a centrifuge becomes a useful tool. However, the artificial gravity generated in a rotating platform is complicated by the presence of the Coriolis force. The effect...

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Hypoglycemia Alarms in Critical Care: Clinical Utility and Workflow Integration

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been associated with reductions in inpatient hypoglycemia; however, little is known about the performance and integration of CGM hypoglycemia alerts and alarms in the intensive care unit (ICU). We evaluated hypoglycemia signal f...

Deep Brain Stimulation: A Window Into the Neural Mechanisms of Latent Nystagmus

Purpose: Latent nystagmus is a condition marked by a nasal-ward drift of the eye that reverses depending on the fixating eye. It is commonly associated with early-onset strabismus and amblyopia and is hypothesized to result from disrupted horizontal binocular connections in the p...

Widespread Loss of Heterozygosity and Endoreduplication in Odontogenic Myxoma

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is an uncommon, locally aggressive odontogenic neoplasm with characteristic histologic and clinico-radiographic features but with potential for histologic overlap with other odontogenic and non-odontogenic entities and a non-specific immunoprofile. Widespr...

Longitudinal predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in autism: Examining relationships with ritualistic behavior and social diagnostic features

Abstract Autistic youth commonly experience co-occurring mental health conditions. Core autism features have been linked to internalizing and externalizing symptoms, yet longitudinal pathways remain unclear. This study examined how ritualistic and social diagnostic features predi...

Divergent Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha Signaling in Alcoholic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Abstract Fatty liver disease, including both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) types, is an increasing global health issue, with escalating rates of illness and death. A key player in the progression of these liver...

Differential regulation of basal and interferon-induced APOL1 gene expression in podocytes

APOL1 genetic variants associated with kidney disease become pathogenic when APOL1 gene expression is induced to high levels, however, the mechanism of APOL1 gene regulation is not well characterized. Using human podocyte cell lines, the induction of APOL1 gene expression from va...

Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Higher Rates of Adverse Events, Readmissions, and Costs of Care Within 90 Days of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Purpose To determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) have higher rates of (1) medical complications, (2) readmission rates, and (3) costs of care. Methods A retrospective review of a private insurance payor was perfor...