Case Western Reserve University

Moving omics methods beyond the bench to tackle urgent challenges facing the water industry

Advances in multi-omic sequencing have revolutionized our understanding of the composition and potential function of genetic sequences across human, natural, and engineered systems. However, while advancements in omics methods have transformed the medical industry through patient...

Genome-Guided Discovery of Floridanemastatin, a Statine-Containing Polyketide-Peptide from the Cyanobacterium Floridanema evergladense

Abstract We report the genome-guided discovery, isolation, and characterization of floridanemastatin (1), a previously undescribed statine-containing polyketide−peptide from Floridanema evergladense BLCC-F167. Examination of the biosynthetic gene clusters in the F.evergladense ge...

Systemic inflammation, gut microbiome composition, and cognitive performance among older Ugandans with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Systemic inflammation is implicated in neurodegeneration; however, evidence linking circulating inflammatory biomarkers to cognitive decline remains inconsistent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a standard systemic...

Racial-Ethnic and Sex Disparities in Mental Health Service Use Before Self-Harm Among Young People Enrolled in Medicaid

OBJECTIVE: This study examined racial-ethnic and sex differences (and their intersections) in mental health service use prior to deliberate self-harm among young people enrolled in Medicaid. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by using Medicaid data from 25 states...

Cyclic nucleotide signaling through phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition and its interaction with the competing endogenous RNA network regulates cognition

Background Phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) has been demonstrated to be a potential drug target for a variety of diseases, ranging from peripheral system disease (PSD) to central nervous system disorders (CNSD). However, how cyclic nucleotide signaling, regulated by PDE1, particularly...

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Children From 8 Days to 5 Years of Age

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in infants and young children, with a prevalence of 7% in infants with fever. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) provides an update of the literature and clinical recommendations of the 2011 American...

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevention and Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection and Suspected Urinary Tract Infection: Technical Report

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection during childhood. This article reports on a technical review investigating the management of UTI to inform the development of an updated clinical practice guideline (CPG) by the American Acade...

Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis—A Companion to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infection: Technical Report

Accurate diagnosis is essential to appropriate care. Although urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children, there is no gold standard for its diagnosis. During the American Academy of Pediatrics' revision of its Clinical Practice Guidel...

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Pediatric Patients Following Urinary Tract Infections: Technical Report

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) may be present in as many as 40% of children without known underlying neurogenic bladder or anatomic abnormalities in whom a first urinary tract infection (UTI) is diagnosed. This article reports on a technical review investigating the diag...

Polyacrylamide Network Permeation in Hyaluronic Acid and Poly- l -lysine Complex Coacervates

Abstract For many biomolecular condensates, complex coacervation occurs in a viscoelastic medium, which can permeate the droplets and regulate phase separation. Here, we study the permeation of complex coacervate droplets composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) i...

Immunotherapy-Related Cardiac Arrythmias: Incidence, Pathobiology, Risk Factors and Management

Abstract Purpose of Review Immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment strategies for cancer patients, improving the prognosis in many populations with advanced malignancies. Immune check point inhibitors (ICI) and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are being increa...

Utility of the APE 2 Score as a Diagnostic Tool for Autoimmune Encephalitis

ABSTRACT Objective To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy (APE 2 ) score relative to clinician‐adjudicated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and the Graus criteria in a tertiary neuroimmunology referral cohort,...

Assessing feasibility of real‑world respiratory virus syndromic surveillance in nursing homes using point‑of‑care molecular testing

Respiratory virus surveillance varies widely between nursing homes (NHs) and is shaped by differences in staffing capacity, provider training, diagnostic resources, and facility-level protocols. CLIA-waived, point-of-care molecular testing devices were implemented as routine resp...

Sikh Youth in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Clinical Perspective

Sikh children and adolescents represent a growing but understudied population in child and adolescent psychiatry. Many Sikh youth navigate complex intersections of religious identity, family expectations, migration experiences, and minority stress, particularly in diaspora contex...

Preexisting depression and early outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: a propensity score–matched cohort study

BACKGROUND: Depression is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated with adverse outcomes, but most studies examine depression arising after IBD diagnosis. Whether depression predating IBD diagnosis is independently associated with early postdiagnosis outcomes rem...

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on arrhythmic and device-therapy outcomes in heart failure patients with ICD/CRT-D: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve heart failure outcomes, but their association with arrhythmic events and device-therapy endpoints in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator...

Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on weight change among people with HIV: a real-world longitudinal cohort study

Obesity is common among people with HIV (PWH), yet evidence on weight loss with newer antidiabetic medications in this population is limited. We compared bodyweight change associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2)...

Coated or chewable Aspirin and a hybrid air pollution mitigation strategy in patients with atherosclerotic disease: Rationale and Design of the COATED-AIR Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Although enteric-coated aspirin is widely used instead of chewable formulations in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), its effects on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal outcomes remain uncertain. Separately, air pollution is a driver of car...

Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and adverse vascular events of the head and neck: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Observational studies have raised concerns about a potential association between chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) and craniocervical vascular events (CCVE), including cervical artery dissection and stroke. We tested the null hypothesis of no significant...

Reducing Postoperative Opioid Use in Orthopaedics: A Review of Multimodal Analgesia Strategies, Patient Outcomes, and Implementation into Practice

The opioid crisis has underscored the urgent need for safer, more effective postoperative pain management strategies in orthopaedic surgery. Traditionally, opioids have played a central role in post-surgical analgesia. Still, emerging evidence supports the use of multimodal analg...