Brown University

Balancing privacy and performance: the impact of facial defacing on AI in medical imaging

Background Recent NIH Data Management and Sharing (DMS) policy updates and NIH controlled-access data security requirements have increased attention to facial anonymization and controlled-access handling of shared head imaging data. This is particularly relevant for datasets subm...

Screen time is differentially related to visual selective attention and visual feature processing across middle childhood

Abstract Increased screen time has been linked to attention difficulties in early childhood, raising concerns among parents and professionals. However, it remains unclear how screen use influences the development of visual attention and visual processing across childhood. In this...

Barriers & coverage outcomes of inactivated polio vaccine & oral polio vaccine in humanitarian settings: a scoping review

Polio is targeted for global eradication by 2029. Immunization campaigns face significant challenges in humanitarian emergencies due to instability, population displacement, and health infrastructure collapse. The two primary vaccines used, Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Ora...

Functional Quantum Field Theory in Phase Space

The formulation of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) in phase space offers a unique alternative to operator and path-integral paradigms, providing distinct conceptual advantages for semiclassical expansions. In this work, we present a systematic and self-consistent functional framework...

Transient gamma events delineate somatosensory modality in S1

Gamma band activity localized to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in humans and animals is implicated in the higher order neural processing of painful and tactile stimuli. However, it is unclear if gamma band activity differs between these distinct somatosensory modalities....

Investigating regional electricity consumption across Europe: a spatial analysis

Electricity is increasingly central to Europe's energy transition, but evidence on regional consumption remains limited by the lack of harmonised sub-national data. We address this gap by constructing a regional electricity consumption dataset covering all EU Member States and se...

Stacks, Monodromy and Symmetric Cubic Surfaces

ABSTRACT We investigate monodromy groups arising in enumerative geometry, with a particular focus on how these groups are influenced by prescribed symmetries. To study these phenomena effectively, we work in the framework of moduli stacks rather than moduli spaces. This perspecti...

Videographic Assessment of Preintubation Checklist Use in Pediatric Emergency Departments: A NEAR4PEM Checklist Feasibility Study

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive aids are widely used in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs), yet real-world use is difficult to assess via self-report or the medical record. We used video review to assess whether (adoption) and how (fidelity) the NEAR4PEM Preintubation Checklist was use...

Care Team Response to Patient Portal Message Content and Writing Style

Importance Patient portal messages are an increasingly central channel for patient-clinician communication, but there are inequities in how responsive care teams are to messages sent by patients from historically marginalized groups. The reasons driving these disparities are not...

Appetitive trait profiles in late life: links to eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial well-being

Abstract Objective Appetitive traits shape eating behaviors across the lifespan, yet their patterns and health correlates in later life remain poorly understood. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of appetitive traits among older adults an...

From lectures to learning outcomes: meaningful integration of AI-generated content in pre-clerkship medical training

Abstract Background Large Language Models (LLMs) can efficiently synthesize educational content, yet few studies have evaluated standardized, LLM-powered curricular interventions and their effects on medical student learning. Methods In this single-institution study, lecture-spec...

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Response deadlines are commonly imposed in decision-making research to incentivize speedy decisions and sustained attention. This procedure frequently leads to a proportion of trials in which no response is made, and these omissions are often simply removed from the data during a...

A host-adapted commensal fungus from pet store mice drives type 2 immunity and cross-kingdom protection.

serves as an exemplary commensal mycobiota model, revealing distinct mechanisms for host tolerance and immune modulation.

PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation

Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain C...

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Tumors: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis of Patients From the LAANTERN Study

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy is a surgical tool used to ablate brain tumors, radiation necrosis, and epileptic foci. Data from the completed LAANTERN prospective multicenter registry (NCT02392078), containing tumor patients enrolled in the study across 25 US cen...

Functional Sex Reversal in Adult Gonochoristic Teleosts is Mediated by Ovarian Germline Stem Cell Plasticity and Somatic Cell Transdifferentiation

ABSTRACT Sexual fate in vertebrates is generally considered developmentally fixed; however, teleost fishes exhibit remarkable flexibility in their reproductive systems. It remains unclear whether a fully differentiated gonochoristic vertebrate can undergo complete and functional...

Special and General Educator Working Conditions During and After COVID-19

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 was highly disruptive to the ways in which students and teachers experienced school. While nearly all schools responded to the start of the pandemic by shifting to virtual instruction, the return to in-person and hybrid learning fo...

Adoption and diffusion of SGLT2 inhibitors among cardiologists in medicare part D, 2019–2023: a provider-level observational study

Abstract Background Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are guideline-directed therapies for heart failure, yet real-world diffusion into cardiology practice remains incompletely characterized. This study evaluated adoption, prescribing intensity, subspecialty varia...

Longitudinal Quantitative Mapping of Meniscal Morphological and Signal Intensity Differences After ACL Surgery

BACKGROUND: Meniscal tears are frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Evaluating longitudinal changes in meniscal integrity using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging after ACL surgery may provide valuable insight into joint recovery and subseque...

Beyond ‘diagnostic error’: an ethnography of resilient behaviours and system adaptations in paediatric outpatient diagnosis

Background Improving paediatric diagnosis by addressing errors (Safety-I) is insufficient for diagnostic excellence. Resilience engineering’s approach to understanding adaptations to achieve success in everyday work may elucidate how individuals and systems manage diagnostic comp...