Brown University

Childhood Trauma and Cognitive Outcomes in Adults with ADHD vs. ADHD with Internalizing Psychopathology

Childhood trauma can affect brain development, influencing memory and processing speed, particularly in adults with ADHD. A study involving 237 participants investigated how childhood trauma relates to cognition in adults with ADHD and internalizing disorders. The group consisted...

Physics-informed Kolmogorov–Arnold networks (PIKANs) for noise-robust reconstruction of boiling heat flux from infrared measurements

Recovering a noise-amplified inverse quantity from corrupted boundary data is a recurring problem in physics-informed learning for real-world applications. Specifically, small perturbations in the measured field are magnified through the spatial derivatives needed to reconstruct...

Transitioning Young Adult Patients from Pediatric to Adult Rheumatology Practices in Rhode Island.

BACKGROUND: Young adults with rheumatic conditions encounter challenges when transitioning to an adult rheumatologist. At the Hasbro Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, patients aged 18 and older were historically provided a list of adult rheumatologists; however, no formal transition...

Screening for Celiac Disease in Children: Practical Guidance for Primary Care Providers.

Celiac disease is prevalent in the pediatric population. However, screening for celiac disease can be confusing given the variety of tests available and current guidelines are not always widely known in the medical community. As most children with celiac disease will initially pr...

Resolution of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a Patient with Metastatic Cancer and an Inferior Vena Cava Filter.

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare but serious complication of extensive venous thromboembolism (VTE) that can lead to limb ischemia and significant morbidity if not treated promptly. We describe a 69-year-old man with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and hemorrhagic...

Evaluating the Reliability, Accuracy, and Readability of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in Providing Patient Education Related to Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Chatbots have been increasingly recognized as modern tools that provide patients with reliable health-related information. This study aimed to evaluate and compare ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4's ability to answer glenohumeral osteoarthritis-related questions. METHODS: Fiftee...

A Design Space Exploration of Async/Await

Many modern programming languages include some form of asynchronous programming. In particular, a growing number now have what we call straight-line asynchrony: attempts to provide asynchronous functions that look similar to synchronous functions, thereby enabling asynchrony with...

Murmurations, Mestre–Nagao sums, and convolutional neural networks for elliptic curves

Abstract We apply one-dimensional convolutional neural networks to the Frobenius traces of elliptic curves over $$\mathbb {Q}$$ Q and evaluate and interpret their predictive capacity. In keeping with similar experiments by Kazalicki–Vlah, Bujanović–Kazalicki–Novak, and Pozdnyakov...

Grief in Neurosurgery: Reframing Loss and Identity Through Lived Experience.

Grief is an under-recognized yet pervasive experience in neurosurgery, arising not only from the death of patients and loved ones but also from losses related to professional identity, health, and personal relationships. Despite its relevance, grief is often conflated with burnou...

Recognition and Treatment of Concurrent Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are neurological disorders with different underlying pathophysiology but can share similar clinical features. Co-occurrence of both diseases is extremely rare with only 46 documented cases in literature to our knowle...

Outcomes of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy-Augmented Surgery in the Management of Subcortical Glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subcortical glioblastomas present surgical challenges owing to their proximity to critical anatomy. In this study, we assessed the utility of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in the management of subcortical glioblastomas. METHODS: Clinical out...

Hematologic Malignancy Prevalence in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with substantial comorbidity. Evidence regarding the co-occurrence of HS and recorded hematologic malignancy diagnoses in large, diverse electronic health record populations remains limite...

Linguistic features from paragraph recall are markers of cognitive impairment

Abstract Objective Cognitive impairment is associated with language changes that may be elicited from verbal responses during neuropsychological assessments that are not captured in traditional scoring. The current study investigated the utility of a linguistic analysis of paragr...

Brewing Anxiety: Caffeine‐Induced Thigmotaxis in Zebrafish Larvae

BACKGROUND: Thigmotaxis, or edge preference, is widely used as a measure of anxiety in vertebrate model systems. However, variability in this behavior limits its utility as a scalable measure for anxiolytic drug discovery. In the current study, we examine caffeine-induced thigmot...

Modeling decision dynamics disentangles working memory, cognitive control and reinforcement learning and reveals clinical differences

Various neurocognitive processes contribute to reinforcement learning (RL) and decision making, requiring careful task designs and computational modeling to disentangle them. People rely on capacity-limited working memory (WM) to rapidly and flexibly adapt behavior during learnin...

The Henrietta Lacks Case: Ongoing Litigation Seeks Closure

The litigation brought by the Estate of Henrietta Lacks against Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals reframes benefit-sharing from voluntary institutional ethics into an enforceable legal duty. By pleading a single equitable claim - un...

Patents on Small-Molecule Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 1990-2019

Importance Patent protection allows pharmaceutical companies to charge high prices for prescription drugs during periods of market exclusivity, and their expiration usually defines when generic competitors can enter the US market. Patents on drug active ingredients are classified...

Policy and Design Considerations for Most-Favored-Nation Drug Pricing

This Viewpoint discusses most-favored-nation drug pricing and how to strengthen this type of drug pricing in Medicare.

Brain Penetrant Calcium Channel Blockers Were Not Associated With Reduced Alcohol Consumption: Converging Results From Two Large Independent Cohort Studies Using Electronic Health Records

ABSTRACT Purpose Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a major public health problem, with few effective treatments. L‐type calcium channel blockers (LTCCBs) have genetic and preclinical support as potential treatments for AUD. Methods We evaluated whether brain penetrant (BP)‐LTCCB...

Local Adaptations of Hospital in Home: Variations in Structure and Implementation Across Six VA Programs

ABSTRACT Background The VA Hospital in Home (HIH) model of care delivers acute‐level hospital care to Veterans at home across the country. We aim to examine the similarities and differences in the structure and implementation of existing HIH programs across sites to identify best...