Brigham and Women's Hospital

Comparative Renal Effectiveness of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i in US Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD

Objective: To address limited comparative evidence in older, clinically complex patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), we compared nephroprotective outcomes after GLP-1RA versus SGLT2i initiation among US Veterans aged ≥65 years with...

Comprehensive profiling of brain dynamics during anesthesia across phylogeny

Abstract The behavioral effects of anesthetics are highly conserved across species, hinting at shared and fundamental underlying mechanisms. Here we compile a dataset of multiscale neural activity during wakefulness and anesthesia, encompassing human, macaque, marmoset, mouse, ze...

Automated echocardiographic measurements for longitudinal monitoring of ATTR cardiomyopathy: agreement and repeatability analysis

Detection of disease progression is key to personalize treatment strategies in transthyretin cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), particularly with emerging therapies. Echocardiography can detect subtle longitudinal changes but is limited by operator dependence. This study evaluates agreeme...

Preconception, Prenatal and Postnatal PM2.5 Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorder Risk among Medicaid Recipients

Abstract Evidence linking ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) remains mixed. We conducted a cohort study (2001–2013) of 1,547,244 Medicaid-enrolled mother-child pairs to assess associations between zip-code–level PM2.5...

Patents on Small-Molecule Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 1990-2019

Importance Patent protection allows pharmaceutical companies to charge high prices for prescription drugs during periods of market exclusivity, and their expiration usually defines when generic competitors can enter the US market. Patents on drug active ingredients are classified...

Key Findings on the Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone Therapy from Two Large Randomized Trials

Abstract Context Despite widespread use of testosterone therapy, its efficacy and safety in men with age-related low testosterone remain a matter of debate. Elucidating its benefits and risks is essential for clinical decision-making. Evidence Acquisition This narrative review sy...

Tumor microbial biodiversity and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

Background Growing evidence links the gut microbiome to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, with certain bacterial species enriched in specific molecular tumor subtypes. DNA mismatch repair deficiency in CRC, evidenced by the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI), has bee...

Positive selection screen identifies natural product β-catenin inactivators

Many genetically validated targets in cancer, including the transcription factor β-catenin (β-cat), have historically been viewed as undruggable. Cell-based phenotypic screening of chemical compounds can reveal unanticipated biological and pharmacological principles. Natural prod...

An rRNA hybridization-based approach for rapid and accurate identification of diverse fungal pathogens

species, to identify diverse fungal pathogens. We created a set of 91 probes targeting 86 medically relevant fungal species, designed to recognize regions of differential conservation across taxonomic groupings, from class- to species-specific probes. We assessed assay performanc...

Safety and Efficacy of Left Atrial Ablation After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in High-Bleeding-Risk Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter Analysis from the PROCEED-AF Ablation Registry

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with left atrial appendage (LAAO) devices are increasingly referred for AF ablation, yet anticoagulation strategies remain uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in...

Sikh Youth in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Clinical Perspective

Sikh children and adolescents represent a growing but understudied population in child and adolescent psychiatry. Many Sikh youth navigate complex intersections of religious identity, family expectations, migration experiences, and minority stress, particularly in diaspora contex...

Inhibition of PLK1 helps to restrict c-Met-induced growth and therapeutic resistance of renal cancer cells

Acquired therapeutic resistance is a major problem in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-Met is hyperactive in RCC and plays a major role in the survival of tumor cells during therapy-induced oxidative stress. Although c-Met...

Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and adverse vascular events of the head and neck: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Observational studies have raised concerns about a potential association between chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) and craniocervical vascular events (CCVE), including cervical artery dissection and stroke. We tested the null hypothesis of no significant...

Beyond statistical thresholds: Mapping sequential ATN cascade transitions via brain structural topography in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is widely conceptualized as a biological continuum initiated by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, followed by tau aggregation and neurodegeneration. Although the ATN framework is commonly used to define disease stages, its static biomarker categories may not fully...

Coated or chewable Aspirin and a hybrid air pollution mitigation strategy in patients with atherosclerotic disease: Rationale and Design of the COATED-AIR Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Although enteric-coated aspirin is widely used instead of chewable formulations in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), its effects on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal outcomes remain uncertain. Separately, air pollution is a driver of car...

Planned Impella 5.5 Support via Brachiocephalic Artery or Ascending Aorta for Low Ejection Fraction, High-Risk Cardiac Surgery

Background: Surgically implanted microaxial flow pumps are increasingly being utilized to treat cardiogenic shock; however, data on their use in the realm of cardiac surgery are scarce. We report our single-institution experience in low-ejection-fraction, high-risk patients with...

Spirituality in End-Of-Life Care: Tips and Tools for all Physicians

Many physicians find themselves with patients when life’s final horizon is approaching but feel ill-equipped when they cannot take the suffering away. If a patient has no discernible chance of recovery, praying for healing seems disingenuous, and yet expressing condolences seems...

Bioresorbable batteries for transient ingestible bioelectronics

Abstract Ingestible and implantable electronic devices are transforming personalized healthcare by enabling real-time sensing, targeted therapy and diagnostic capabilities. However, powering these systems remains a major challenge owing to biocompatibility concerns and the enviro...

Gut microbiome maturation in early childhood interacts with host genetics to predict type 1 diabetes risk

Prospective evidence linking early-life microbiome development and host genetics with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk is limited. Here, we describe how gut microbiome maturation and host genetics influence T1D risk in the TEDDY study. We analysed 12,151 longitudinal metagenomes and ho...

Tumor Vascular Features and Colorectal Cancer–Specific Mortality

Importance The phenotypic and morphologic heterogeneity of tumor vasculature in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasingly recognized; however, its clinical importance remains unclear. Objective To examine whether specific tumor vascular features are associated with CRC-specif...