Brigham and Women's Hospital

Gut microbiome maturation in early childhood interacts with host genetics to predict type 1 diabetes risk

Prospective evidence linking early-life microbiome development and host genetics with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk is limited. Here, we describe how gut microbiome maturation and host genetics influence T1D risk in the TEDDY study. We analysed 12,151 longitudinal metagenomes and ho...

Tumor Vascular Features and Colorectal Cancer–Specific Mortality

Importance The phenotypic and morphologic heterogeneity of tumor vasculature in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasingly recognized; however, its clinical importance remains unclear. Objective To examine whether specific tumor vascular features are associated with CRC-specif...

Bioresorbable batteries for transient ingestible bioelectronics

Abstract Ingestible and implantable electronic devices are transforming personalized healthcare by enabling real-time sensing, targeted therapy and diagnostic capabilities. However, powering these systems remains a major challenge owing to biocompatibility concerns and the enviro...

Diagnosis-related handoffs for inter-facility transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit

OBJECTIVES: Inter-facility transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) increase the risk of patient harm from communication breakdowns. We previously developed I-PASS-to-PICU, a structured inter-facility handoff program to improve information exchange during these trans...

Physician Understanding and Perceptions of Risk Communication Related to Drugs Covered by Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Programs

ABSTRACT Purpose To help ensure that a drug's benefits outweigh its risks, the US Food and Drug Administration may require a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program with requirements such as laboratory tests or special education. Since physicians are often responsi...

Human cellular models of the brain to study lipid homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, yet the availability of effective disease-modifying therapeutics remains limited, underscoring the urgent need to identify and comprehensively characterize causative pat...

Lack of Knee Confidence Is Associated With Lower Functional Scores After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2‐Year Follow‐Up

Purpose To evaluate how patients rate their knee confidence after anterior cruciate ligament injury, when confidence in their knee returns after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and how knee confidence correlates with self‐reported outcomes related to return to s...

Transitioning primary care from residents to attendings – an approach to address challenges in care during the academic year transition

Internal medicine residents provide primary care to a panel of patients. Annually, 600,000 patients are assigned new resident primary care physicians (rPCPs) when their current rPCP graduates. At our academic resident and faculty primary care practice, all rPCPs review their pane...

The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) continues to have increased use, and about 6 out of every 100 individuals are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have shown that PTSD affects bone health and joint arthroplasty outcomes. Although bo...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances levels other than PFOS, PFOA, or PFHxS and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis

Abstract Epidemiologic studies of PFAS and liver cancer risk have produced conflicting results with no strong or clear associations for pre-diagnostic perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS). We now report analyses of nine...

Prognostic value of AI-derived probability of interstitial lung abnormalities and interstitial lung disease in patients with esophageal cancer

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between AI-derived probability of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), including interstitial lung disease (ILD), and prognosis in an esophageal cancer cohort re-evaluated according to the 2025 American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clin...

Proposing a Grand Bargain for More Affordable Employer-Sponsored Insurance

This JAMA Forum discusses current tax policy, reinsurance for employer coverage, and what could be included in a grand bargain.

Adult Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney Harbors Recurrent Whole Chromosome 12 Gain

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST), including adult cystic nephroma (CN), is an uncommon benign renal neoplasm that mostly occurs in middle-aged women. To date, a comprehensive molecular genetic investigation of MEST and/or adult CN has not been performed. Fourteen archiva...

Landscape of approaches for streamlining pre-analytical and early analytical variables for solid tumor next-generation sequencing: A Genomics Organization for Academic Laboratories consortium report

The scope of pre-analytical and early analytical methods used in clinical molecular laboratories can have vast effects on the quality and turnaround time for solid tumor next-generation sequencing assays. To learn more about various approaches, a survey of 24 academic laboratorie...

EBV reactivation priming of the peripheral immune system in multiple sclerosis relapse

Despite decades of research, the cellular and molecular events preceding multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse remain incompletely understood. Here, in this observational study of longitudinal blood samples from patients with relapsing-remitting MS, we used single-cell RNA sequencing,...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

High pre-frailty burden among people living with HIV in Botswana

Frailty is increasingly recognized as a significant aging-related condition in people living with HIV (PLWH), but data from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) - where the majority of PLWH reside - remain limited. Using standardized Fried frailty criteria, we assessed the prevalence and fac...

Menopausal hormone therapy and primary liver cancer: long-term follow-up of the women’s health initiative randomized trials

Abstract Background: Long-term results on liver cancer incidence and mortality are reported from two Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials evaluating menopausal hormone therapy. Methods: 16,608 postmenopausal women with a uterus were randomized to conjugated equine estrogen...

A Mixed Methods Quality Improvement Evaluation of a Dedicated Virtual Rounding Team for Home Hospital Care

Background Importance Home hospital is the delivery of acute, hospital-level care at home as a substitute for traditional brick-and-mortar care. Most past literature includes a care model where home hospital providers visit the patient at home. Due to the inefficiencies of travel...

The impact of a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention on postpartum physical activity among predominantly Puerto Rican women with overweight and obesity: Proyecto Mamá

Engaging in physical activity during pregnancy decreases the risk of gestational diabetes and excessive weight gain, thereby reducing postpartum risk of type 2 diabetes and postpartum weight retention. Such long-term adverse health outcomes disproportionately affect Hispanic wome...