Brigham and Women's Hospital

HIV transmission behaviors, detectable HIV-RNA and curable STI prevalence among Ugandan men with HIV with reproductive goals, with and without infertility experiences

Many men with HIV (MWH) want children. MWH with unmet reproductive goals may prioritize conception over preventing HIV/STI transmission. Therefore, we evaluated whether MWH with unmet versus met reproductive goals were more likely to have detectable HIV-RNA or STIs, and explored...

Maternal Influenza Infection During Pregnancy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Offspring

Importance Evidence on maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and offspring neuropsychiatric risk remains inconsistent and limited by methodologic concerns. Objective To evaluate the association of maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and offspring neuropsychiatri...

Transcriptional regulation and function of GPR18 in macrophage subtype specification

Resolution of inflammation is mediated in part by agonists that engage immune cells to dampen inflammatory signaling, promote phagocytic functions, and facilitate tissue repair. G protein–coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) has emerged as an important proresolving receptor that is activa...

The Future of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Era: Has the Scalpel Become Obsolete?

Obesity remains a growing global health crisis, affecting nearly one billion adults worldwide and substantially increasing the risk of cardiometabolic disease, malignancy, and premature mortality. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has evolved into an effective and durable tre...

Longitudinal Trends and Characteristics of Hospital Closures and Openings

This study assesses hospital closures and openings from 2010-2025 to characterize net changes in hospitals and beds, factors associated with closures and openings, and changes in distance to the nearest hospital after closures.

Tobacco Use is Associated with Anorectal Sensorimotor Dysfunction and Greater Fecal Incontinence Severity

Background: Tobacco use has been associated with a range of digestive symptoms and gastrointestinal smooth muscle dysfunction. However, the impact of tobacco use on fecal incontinence (FI) and anorectal function remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether tobacco use disrupts a...

Development and Validation of a Tool to Measure Documented Health Care Encounter Time

Importance Time toxicity, defined as the time patients spend receiving cancer treatment and interacting with health care systems, is an emerging treatment-related burden. Existing studies typically quantify time toxicity using health care contact days, which may inadequately capt...

Reproductive Privacy Risk Disclosure in US Clinical Trial Informed Consent Forms After the Dobbs Decision

This study examines the practice of pregnancy information disclosure by trial participants in the post– Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization US health research setting.

SLC39-driven zinc influx orchestrates pleiotropic tumor–immune system cross-talk to establish immune suppression in colorectal cancer

Tumor metabolic programs shape immune evasion; however, the mechanism by which nutrient-transport systems rewire tumor-immune cell interactions remains unknown. We integrated bulk multi-omics, single-cell transcriptomics, spatial profiling, and functional assays for colorectal ca...

MRI Visualization of Melatonin‐Promoted Oligodendrogenesis and Its Neuroprotective Effects in Preterm White Matter Injury Rat Model

Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is a serious neurologic condition that threatens neonatal survival and severely impairs the cognitive and motor development of affected children. Melatonin (Mel), a neuroendocrine hormone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has sh...

Anticoagulation Treatment Response Among Phenotypic ESUS Clusters: Evidence From CASPR

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate treatment effect heterogeneity across phenotypic clusters of patients with cryptogenic embolic stroke using causal inference methods. Methods From a retrospective, multicenter cohort of patients with cryptogenic embolic stroke, we estimated the trea...

Exclusion of Participants for Substance Use in Clinical Trials

Patterns of inclusion and exclusion of individuals who use illicit substances from clinical trials have not been well-studied. Given the widespread and increasing prevalence of drug use in the United States, this has significant implications for the generalizability of scientific...

Anticancer Drugs and Cancer-Associated Thrombosis

The rapid development of novel cancer therapies has considerably improved the care of cancer patients and cancer-related survival; however, these therapies are associated with a broad range of adverse events that have become a major burden in this population. Alongside other canc...

Pancreatic Reirradiation: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis of Feasibility, Tolerability, and Clinical Outcomes

Objectives: With improvements in systemic therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC), the role of radiation therapy (RT) to optimize local control has increased. While the tolerability and outcomes for RT for PC are well described, limited data exist on the feasibility and clinical impac...

Management of Type 2 Diabetes, 2026. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the consensus statement on the management of type 2 diabetes in nonpregnant adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2022. The target audience is the multid...

Immune correlates of protection are exposure-dependent: evidence from the Dominican Republic

Immune protection against infection is often treated as a fixed property of a person’s immune response. But infection risk also depends on the number of infectious contacts a person experiences, which generally increases as community transmission rises. This matters for vaccine e...

The landscape of allele-specific expression in human kidneys

Allele-specific expression (ASE), the preferential expression of one gene copy, is a key mechanism of genomic regulation. However, its role in human kidney disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated a high-quality, genome-wide ASE map using paired whole-genome...

A rapid, inexpensive diagnostic for bacterial pathogen and resistance detection in resource-limited settings

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, with disproportionate impact in regions with limited diagnostic infrastructure. To address this challenge, we developed BADLOCK (Bacterial and AMR Detection by SHERLOCK), a rapid, low-cost molecular diagnostic platform for...

Antithrombotic-associated bleeding: management in the emergency department.

The expanding use of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytics has made bleeding emergencies more frequent and more complex. A structured, evidence-based approach enables emergency clinicians to identify life-threatening and critical-site bleeding, initiate resuscita...

Landscape and mutational dynamics of G-quadruplexes across the complete human genome

Abstract Background G-quadruplexes (G4s) are alternative DNA structures with diverse biological roles, but their examination in highly repetitive parts of the human genome has been hindered by the lack of reliable sequencing technologies. Recent long-read based genome assemblies...