Research works
The research papers we track — the newest first. Works with a plain-language summary link to it.
136583 work(s)
- AI & ComputingOpen access
Autonomous agents can invoke tools, but invocation alone does not define a market. Before software can economically acquire an external capability, it must discover a relevant operation, observe current price and requirements, determine whether payment is authorized, cross a paym...
- Climate & EnvironmentOpen access
Abstract Background Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that have been increasingly detected in human tissues. However, their molecular effects on the human placenta, a critical interface for maternal–fetal exchange and fetal development, remain poorly un...
- BiologyOpen access
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), characterized by its complex molecular heterogeneity and resistance to both conventional and targeted therapies, poses significant therapeutic challenges. Therefore, the identification of novel molecular targets is crucial for enhancing therapeutic str...
- Health & MedicineOpen access
Abstract Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) has a generally unfavorable prognosis. Elderly patients often tolerate dual-drug chemotherapy poorly, experience limited benefits from monotherapy, and face high rates of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. To address this unmet clin...
- Physics & SpaceOpen access
Transient Luminous Events (TLEs), particularly sprites, are short-lived electrical discharges occurring in the upper atmosphere and producing characteristic optical emissions. Numerical streamer simulations provide valuable information on their dynamics and electrodynamic propert...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
A Complete and Rigorous Proof of the Jacobian Conjecture with Lean4 Formal Verification
This paper presents a rigorous mathematical proof of the complex-field Jacobianconjecture. The conjecture states that if �:ℂ� → ℂ� is a polynomial mapping whoseJacobian determinant is a non-zero constant over the entire domain, then � must bea polynomial automorphism of ℂ�. The p...
- Engineering & Technology
Dyeing of silk using binary mixture of harmal seeds and safflower petals
This study introduces a novel, sustainable binary extract-based dyeing strategy for silk, utilizing natural colorants sourced from harmal (Peganum harmala) seeds and flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) petals. A central composite design was employed to systematically opti...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
We study the generator half of RAG in isolation: evidence is placed in the prompt rather than retrieved. Retrieval-augmented generation is usually judged by whether the retriever found the right documents. That misses a second failure: the generator can ignore the evidence, fill...
- Health & MedicineOpen access
Astrocytes contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through non-cell-autonomous and inflammatory mechanisms, yet disease-associated astrocytic heterogeneity remains difficult to summarize with discrete cluster labels alone. Here, we reanalyzed two independent public huma...
- BiologyOpen access
Abstract Detecting partial mycoheterotrophy in green plants remains challenging, particularly in associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or rhizoctonia fungi, because natural-abundance stable isotope patterns often provide limited diagnostic resolution in these systems. We...
- Society & EconomicsOpen access
General Theory of Hierarchical Generation
This paper introduces a minimal axiomatic framework for hierarchical generation. Each hierarchical layer is defined by its natural scale, which measures the magnitude of its internal rate of change. Differentiation with respect to this natural scale produces a nested generative s...
- Engineering & TechnologyOpen access
AI governance frameworks increasingly assign organizational actors the authority to restrict, suspend, override, or modify AI-enabled capabilities. Existing disciplines already provide methods that can support and assure those decisions. Safety engineering addresses safe-state tr...
- Physics & SpaceOpen access
We report two pre-sunrise field sessions conducted in the United Arab Emirates to document the early seasonal dawn detectability of Canopus (Alpha Carinae), known in Arabic as Suhail, while keeping photographic, telescopic, binocular, and unaided-eye results distinct. Canopus was...
- BiologyOpen access
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted vulnerable populations globally, including families with intellectually disabled children in Thailand. This qualitative study explores the experiences and needs of these families engaged in organic farming as a sustainable liv...
- Health & MedicineOpen access
Abstract Background The development of effective cancer immunotherapies is hindered by the lack of preclinical models that faithfully preserve tumor-immune interactions. Current approaches provide limited representation of immune components, creating a critical translational gap...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
This preprint investigates whether a fixed compound inference intervention can improve the performance of a small language model without updating its parameters. The experimental program compares structured prompt replacement, natural-language rewriting, source-preserving semanti...
- Health & MedicineOpen access
An asymptotic model for drug dissolution in a standardized flow-through apparatus
Abstract Asymptotic methods are employed to analyse, interpret and improve on an often-used model for the dissolution of drug particles in a standardized flow-through dissolution cell, United States Pharmacopeia Apparatus 4 (USP4). The model is based on a simplified description f...
- BiologyOpen access
CDSB: accelerating connectomics workflow via Content-Decoupled Schrödinger Bridge
Abstract Background Large-scale connectomics requires the nanometer-scale resolution of electron microscopy to resolve ultrastructural details, but its acquisition is time- and labor-intensive. In contrast, high-throughput light microscopy offers high throughput but lacks the spa...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
Palindromicity of Antichain Polynomials of Three-Dimensional Boxes
For the antichain generating polynomial of the product poset [a] x [b] x [c], this preprint gives a complete palindromicity classification. After sorting a ≤ b ≤ c, the polynomial is palindromic exactly for (a,b,c)=(1,r,r) or (2,r,r+1). The new higher-layer theorem excludes every...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
Forward-KL Learning Curves of Maximum Likelihood Estimators Need Not Be Monotone
Let L_n be the expected forward Kullback–Leibler risk of the maximum-likelihood estimator based on n independent observations from a correctly specified model. We show that L_n need not be nonincreasing, even for a one-dimensional full, regular, minimal natural exponential family...