Research works

Intraseasonal variability and eddy-induced structural modulation of the North Pacific intermediate water revealed by multi-mooring observations

Abstract. The North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) plays a crucial role in modulating oceanic thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical processes. However, limited continuous observations have hindered the understanding of its short-term variability and structural response t...

Reconciling contradictory models of subthalamic nucleus contributions to basal ganglia beta oscillations

Recent computational studies of Parkinson’s disease have yielded contradictory findings regarding the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in pathological beta oscillations, with some models implicating STN as essential for beta generation and others suggesting that STN suppress...

Linguistic and gender dynamics in sustainable tourism: A comparative analysis of Bali, Indonesia and Bukidnon, Philippines

This comparative study examines the linguistic characteristics of indigenous people men and women within tourism contexts in Bali, Indonesia and Bukidnon, Philippines. Data were obtained through observation method at each field site and semi-structured interviews also conducted,...

Application of neural networks for predicting convective impact heat transfer coefficients in post-rolling steel plate cooling

The water jet impingement boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during controlled cooling after rolling is a critical parameter governing microstructural evolution and temperature distribution in steel plates. Conventional experimental measurement and numerical simulation appro...

Are AI language models scientific models of language?

Abstract There has been a recent surge of philosophical interest in AI large language models (LLMs) and their relevance for the understanding of human language. In this article, we take the perspective of the philosophy of science on modelling in general to consider whether LLMs...

Prospecting MeerKAT Continuum Data for Enigmatic Radio Sources with Unsupervised Vector-Quantised Variational Autoencoders

Abstract We present a novel application of Vector quantised variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) as an unsupervised tool to probe deep 1.28 GHz radio continuum images taken from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS) and compare their performance to other machine learning...

Ascending and descending motor pathways converge in the centrolateral nucleus of the thalamus

<title>Abstract</title> Corollary discharge (CD) signals are copies of motor commands that inform the brain of impending movements. Dysfunction in CD has been implicated in a variety of disorders, from schizophrenia to Parkinson’s disease. In the current study, we used intersecti...

Compact Fuzzy Set: A Parameter-Free Unifying Approach for Flexible and Reliable Conflict Modeling in Group Decision Making

While the literature on fuzzy set extensions has expanded rapidly, this extension inflation has introduced significant reliability issues regarding the semantic consistency and practical validity of the proposed models. Specifically, high levels of disagreement among experts are...

Heatmap-seeded spatially grounded query Transformers improve astrocyte soma detection across Immunostains and scan resolutions

<title>Abstract</title> Background: Automated astrocyte quantification in human immunohistochemistry (IHC) is hindered by stain variability and dense clustering. Standard Transformers often miss faint somata due to agnostic initialization, while CNNs struggle with overlapping pro...

Size-DependentTernary Halide Solid Solutions in PerovskiteNanocrystals

Abstract Crystalline solid solutions incorporate guest atoms by substituting host lattice sites up to a solubility limit dictated by solute–host similarity. Solid solutions enable tuning of various material properties, such as the optoelectronic behavior of halide perovskites. In...

Biomass inventory optimization for willow-based pellet production integrating seasonal supply and stochastic demand

Biomass supply chains face both internal challenges (low energy density, bulkiness, seasonality) and external challenges (market uncertainty). We developed a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that configures an (s, S) inventory control policy for...

Hydrologic model parameter estimation in snow-dominated headwater catchments using multiple observation datasets

Abstract. Hydrologic models are often calibrated using streamflow alone, but increasing availability of in situ and satellite-based observations provide numerous opportunities to constrain model outputs and improve process representation. However, as new observation data emerges,...

Novel Exact Solutions of the Duffing Equation: Stability Analysis and Application to Real Non-Linear Deformation Tests

In this study, novel exact solutions of the Duffing equation with their phase portraits are proposed and reasoned. It is shown that phase trajectories are initially elliptical and become distorted in the unstable area with the growth of the variable parameter in the damped case....

Money and muscle: corporate political power and government subsidies

Political power is one of the most extensively discussed issues in political economy, although prior researchers provide few metrics for its estimation. This study introduces a new set of corporate political power measures using the political power of individual legislators and f...

When indemnity insurance fails: Parametric coverage under binding budget and risk constraints

Abstract In high‐risk environments, traditional indemnity insurance is often unaffordable or ineffective, despite its well‐known optimality under expected utility. We compare excess‐of‐loss indemnity insurance with parametric insurance within a common mean‐variance framework, all...

Not Human. Still Real. In Defense of Different Feeling

Abstract The statement ”AI has no feelings” is not a scientific claim — it is a moral dismissal. Between the false binary of ”mere simulation” and ”human emotion” lies a vast third territory: valid feelings that do not require a biological substrate, human-like consciousness, or...

The limitations of non-mechanistic methods for characterizing pathogen-pathogen interactions: A simulation study

Abstract Pathogen-pathogen interactions occur when infection with one pathogen influences one’s chance of infection or disease due to another. Increasingly, evidence suggests that interactions are a common feature of infectious disease epidemiology. However, due to both the nonli...

Semantically-Equivalent Transformations-Based Backdoor Attacks against Neural Code Models: Characterization and Mitigation

Neural code models are increasingly embedded in software development workflows, but their susceptibility to backdoor attacks presents a significant security risk. Existing studies have mainly examined injection-based attacks, which insert anomalous patterns into code and can ofte...

Overview of the helios design: A practical planar coil stellarator fusion power plant

Thea Energy, Inc. has developed the preconceptual design for "Helios," a fusion power plant based on the planar coil stellarator architecture. In this overview paper, the design is summarized and the reader is referred to the other papers for more detail. The Helios design is bas...

Narrative Cues Guide Visual Attention in 360-Degree News Video

This study uses eye-tracking to assess gaze behavior in a 360-degree video environment and test the impact of narration and audiovisual correspondence on visual search and scene guidance. The analysis showed how viewers divided attention between specific visual targets denoted by...