Research works

Implementing reproductive carrier screening to include diverse Asian populations: insights from Singapore

Abstract Background As part of Singapore’s effort towards precision medicine tailored to Asian diversity, we describe the implementation of a nationwide reproductive carrier screening program. Using a customised 112-gene panel, targeting population-specific recessive genetic dise...

Crashworthiness assessment of thin-walled columns with functionally graded stiffness induced by multi-level spherical crush initiators

Abstract This study investigates the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled columns equipped with functionally graded, multi-level spherical crush initiators. The proposed concept extends previous solutions by introducing a sequence of embossments with varying diameters and d...

Pneumococcal hydrogen peroxide production is associated with epithelial and pulmonary immune responses during pneumonia

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) produces substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a metabolic byproduct with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. Although pneumococcal H₂O₂ has been implicated in pathogenesis, its contribution to pulmonary immune res...

Effects of installing a volatile organic compound-removal filter in a clinical embryology laboratory on embryo development

Objective: Improving embryo quality is essential for increasing pregnancy and live birth rates in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The culture environment strongly influences embryo quality, and air quality is one of its key components. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pr...

Interfacial Polarization and Charge Transfer in Al13 Superatom–Organic Interfaces: Role of Frontier Orbital Overlap

Abstract Superatoms (SAs) have emerged as atomically precise building blocks for functional materials; however, their interfacial electronic interactions with organic substrates remain poorly understood, particularly in the absence of ligand protection. While most reported SAs ar...

Ligand Accelerated Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Arylation of Electron-Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Bromides

Abstract A ligand accelerated highly efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H arylation of electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes with aryl and heteroaryl bromides has been developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently under mild conditions with low catalyst loading (0.25 mol % Pd) and liga...

The Diffusion of Cohabitation Among Immigrants in Europe: The Role of the National Cohabitation Context

Abstract Immigrants and their descendants constitute an increasing share of European populations, yet research on how immigrant background shapes the cohabitation experience remains limited. This study investigates how generational status at the individual level and national cont...

FedSecure-IoT: Privacy-Preserving Intrusion Detection for IoT Networks Using Hybrid Deep Learning, Federated Learning and Homomorphic Encryption

FedSecure-IoT is a privacy-preserving intrusion detection framework for IoT networks. It combines a hybrid CNN-LSTM-DNN classifier, federated learning with Federated Averaging (FedAvg), and Paillier homomorphic encryption for protecting model updates during aggregation. On traffi...

Reprogramming the tumor immune landscape through SPP1 targeting

Abstract Beyond its canonical roles in bone mineralization and extracellular matrix remodeling, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) has emerged as a central regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), orchestrating immunosuppressive programs that drive immune evasion and tumor pr...

On the notion of kinetic energy in a space–time of maximal proper acceleration

Abstract It is shown in this work that in spacetimes of maximal proper acceleration, there are situations where a particle decelerates and simultaneously increases its kinetic energy. To illustrate the effect, a classical one-dimensional electric cavity-like scheme is discussed....

From baseline levels to cumulative exposure and longitudinal trajectories: estimated glucose disposal rate and incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)

Abstract Background Insulin resistance is implicated in the development of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), but evidence regarding the associations of baseline, cumulative, and longitudinal patterns of estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) with incident CMM remains limited....

Attenuation of cyclophosphamide toxicity by protective effects of curcumin in albino rats model

Abstract Background Chemotherapy primarily treats cancer by using drugs to kill cancer cells. Curcumin, a natural adjuvant, shows promise in preventing side effects. Purpose This study seeks to determine curcumin’s protective effect against cyclophosphamide toxicity. Materials an...

Interpretable Models vs Post-Hoc Explanations: True Cost Comparison for Enterprise AI

Research article: Interpretable Models vs Post-Hoc Explanations: True Cost Comparison for Enterprise AI

Comparative population genomics reveal stark differences in the genomic structure and drivers of isolation for two sky island bumble bees

Abstract Genetic diversity is critical for species’ persistence and for preserving biodiversity. Regions with extreme elevation gradients, including ‘sky island’ systems, are predicted to restrict gene flow owing to dispersal barriers between high-elevation habitat patches (isola...

Deciphering coccolith formation: advanced microscopy insights from the biomineralization of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi

Abstract Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton that produce complex and intricately shaped mineralized scales called coccoliths. Coccoliths are produced in an intracellular vesicle where crystal nucleation occurs, from which several individual calcite units develo...

Who mimics nature? Disciplinary asymmetry in biomimetic and bioinspired research teams

Abstract Biomimetics is generally viewed as inherently interdisciplinary, yet the disciplinary composition of biomimetic research teams has not been systematically quantified. We analysed 74 407 biomimetics-related publications from the past two decades and classified 436 010 aut...

How does AI-generated assessment compare to expert assessment in simulation-based experiences: Analyzing AI-human interrater reliability

Abstract Background In the health professions, artificial intelligence simulation-based experiences (AI-SBEs) are increasingly used to evaluate learner performance and provide feedback. Benefits of AI-SBEs include providing instantaneous feedback, allowing more practice opportuni...

Evolution expresses the second law of thermodynamics in action

Abstract Evolution through natural selection has long been considered unique to biological systems, yet similar patterns emerge from physical, chemical, technological, economic and social processes. Skewed distributions, often near-lognormal, and sigmoidal courses, often with a p...

Clinical-immunological phenotyping and score-based automated diagnostic support for chronic nonspecific upper urinary tract infections: a combined prospective-retrospective diagnostic study

Abstract Background Chronic nonspecific upper urinary tract infections (CNUTIs), including chronic pyelonephritis, are characterized by recurrent inflammation, persistent urinary abnormalities, and variable responses to conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Standard...

Holcoglossum amesianum

Holcoglossum amesianum (Orchidaceae) is an important orchid species. This project reportedthe chromosome level reference genome of Holcoglossum amesianum based onPacBio, lllumina and Hi-C data. These data are helpful to clarify the ecologicalfunction of Holcoglossum amesianum and...