MemBrain v2: an end-to-end tool for the analysis of membranes in cryo-electron tomography

Abstract

Abstract Cryo-electron tomography provides unique insights into macromolecular complexes in their native environments, yet membrane analysis remains a major bottleneck due to low signal-to-noise ratios, missing wedge artifacts and the complexity of membrane-associated particles. Existing tools often require extensive manual annotation, struggle with generalization across datasets and lack integrated solutions for segmentation, particle localization and quantitative analysis. We introduce MemBrain v2, a deep-learning-enabled framework that unifies these tasks into a streamlined pipeline. MemBrain-seg leverages a diverse, collaboratively generated training dataset and specialized model training strategies to achieve generalizable membrane segmentation across variable tomographic conditions. MemBrain-pick enables data-efficient localization of membrane-bound particles by integrating geometric constraints with deep learning, reducing the need for extensive manual annotation. MemBrain-stats provides quantitative insights into particle distributions, computing spatial metrics to analyze intramembrane particle organization. MemBrain v2 integrates seamlessly into cryo-electron tomography workflows, providing an accessible and structured approach to membrane analysis.