Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Combining Commercial Cancer Protein Biomarkers and Benign Fungal Antibodies Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Pulmonary Nodules.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adding cancer and histoplasma biomarkers to existing clinical prediction models improves diagnostic accuracy for malignancy in indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: IPNs remain a diagnostic challenge, particularly in regio...

Long-term evaluation of kidney biopsy outcomes to guide continuous quality improvement

Abstract Background Kidney biopsy is essential for diagnosis and management but carries bleeding risks. Efforts to reduce bleeding may compromise tissue adequacy, highlighting the need to systematically evaluate biopsy performance. Understanding factors that influence both safety...

Parietal default mode network connectivity is associated with tobacco use in psychosis

Abnormal default mode network (DMN) connectivity was observed in both tobacco use and psychosis spectrum disorders, but it remains unknown how psychosis impacts the relationship between connectivity and tobacco use. Interventions targeting the left lateral parietal DMN node (LLP...

Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Catatonia in Down Syndrome Regression Disorder: A Systematic Review, Case Series, and Analysis

Abstract Purpose Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a condition occurring in young people with Down syndrome. It is associated with functional decline, new onset psychopathology, and increased support needs. DSRD is often associated with catatonia, for which electroconvu...

Sensory nerves regulate bone homeostasis in response to mechanical unloading or reloading: evidence from a spaceflight experiment and ground-based mechanical unloading models

Mechanical loading is crucial for maintaining bone mass, and understanding how bone remodels in response to mechanical loading is essential for treating musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, sensory nerves inside bone were identified as mechanical regulators of bone homeostasis. H...

The CAUSAL study: a prospective cohort of sarcoma survivors across the lifespan

Sarcomas affect individuals across the lifespan, yet no cohort study exists evaluating contributors to treatment response, survival and health outcomes among contemporarily treated sarcoma patients. Determining disease, treatment, lifestyle, and genomic factors that contribute to...

A Multilevel Intervention to Identify Individuals for Genetic Testing and Treatment

Importance Cascade genetic testing (CGT) is a key strategy for cancer prevention in families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) and Lynch syndrome (LS), yet uptake among at-risk relatives remains persistently low, particularly in medically underserved popul...

Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated With Nirsevimab Receipt Among Children Aged Younger Than 20 Months in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network in 2023 to 2025

OBJECTIVES: We aim to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with nirsevimab receipt among children with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI) across multiple seasons and beyond birth hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included nirse...

Impact of Response to Hypomethylating Agent‐Based Therapy on Survival Outcomes in the Context of Baseline Clinical‐Molecular Risk and Transplant Status in Patients With Higher‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms: An analysis From the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS)

Baseline IPSS-M risk, response to hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, and receipt of allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) have all been individually shown to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the prognostic impact of re...

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Importance Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic autonomic disorder characterized by excessive orthostatic tachycardia and multisystem symptoms that affects an estimated 0.1% to 1% of the US population. POTS can substantially impair daily functioning and q...

Navigating physician-scientist careers: insights from American Board of Internal Medicine Research Pathway graduates

The American Board of Internal Medicine Research Pathway (ABIM RP) is designed to train physician-scientists by shortening postgraduate clinical training and increasing research time. We surveyed ABIM RP graduates to understand career trajectories, research engagement, and barrie...

The Link Between Opioid Misuse and Suicidal Ideation Is Strongest Among Sexual Minorities

ABSTRACT Opioid misuse and suicidal ideation (SI) are significant public health concerns in the United States, and incidence rates may be elevated among sexual minority people. We used data from the 2021 National Survey on Drug and Health (heterosexual, n = 39,647, lesbian/gay n...

Addressing Common Problems in Autism Research: Cohort Development and Sample Description for a Participatory, Real-World, Longitudinal Study of Outcomes in Autistic Adults

Adult autism services research is plagued by methodological challenges, including difficulty obtaining representative or heterogeneous samples and a frequent mismatch between experimental methodologies and real-world settings. The Academic Autism Spectrum Partnership in Research...

The clinical and molecular spectrum of AGO2-associated Lessel-Kreienkamp neurodevelopmental syndrome

Abstract Background Pathogenic variants in AGO2 ,encoding a central component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Lessel-Kreienkamp syndrome (LESKRES). The variant spectrum and associated molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic va...

Implementation of a pilot online educational program to identify paramagnetic rim lesions

Background: Paramagnetic rim lesions are a highly specific magnetic resonance imaging biomarker for multiple sclerosis now incorporated into the 2024 McDonald Criteria. However, paramagnetic rim lesion identification remains underutilized in clinical practice. This study evaluate...

Empiric MRSA Coverage for Children with Osteoarticular Infections: 2015 to 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative pathogen for children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA). National guidelines recommend empiric coverage for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) at hospita...

Perils and progress in epilepsy surgery utilization: Twenty‐five years later

Abstract More than 25 years have passed since the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) established that surgery is superior to continued anti‐seizure medication (ASM) for drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, and nearly as long since a joint practice parameter urged that appr...

“I know how important it is”: A qualitative analysis of participants’ experiences in a vaccine safety study

Specialist immunization clinics can support vaccination counseling for individuals experiencing adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and research into AEFIs. We sought to describe the experiences of participants from the Canadian Special Immunization Clinic Network COVID...

Tramadol Co‐Administration with Oxycodone or Hydrocodone Increases Opioid Burden without Improving Postoperative Pain Control

Tramadol is frequently co-prescribed with oxycodone or hydrocodone after surgery under the assumption that its dual mechanism of action provides an opioid-sparing benefit. However, evidence supporting this practice is limited and inconsistent. We conducted a secondary analysis of...

Why Not Antivirals? Reconsidering Influenza Treatment in Children

In this issue of Pediatrics, Huang et al1 shed important light on the association between antiviral use and reduced influenza-related hospitalizations in children. Using a large national health care database from Taiwan and accounting for a number of clinically relevant factors,...