University of Pittsburgh

Discontinuous Peripheral Punctate Echogenic Foci in Thyroid Nodules: A New Sonographic Pattern Suggestive of Papillary Carcinoma

Background: Ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules worldwide describe different types of echogenic foci, including punctate echogenic foci (microcalcifications), coarse internal calcifications, and peripheral (rim) calcifications (complete or incomplete), with...

Altered Complement and Tubular Mitochondrial Proteins Are Linked to Graft Loss in DSA+ Antibody–Mediated Rejection

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the main driver of late kidney allograft loss. Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are strongly associated with AMR. However, 30-60% of DSA + patients do not develop AMR, raising the possibility of local tissue adaptations to...

DESI Strong Lens Foundry. IV. Spectroscopic Confirmation of DESI Lens Candidates with VLT/MUSE

Abstract We present integral field spectroscopic observations of 76 strong gravitational lens candidates identified with a residual neural network in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on ESO’s Very Large Telescope. These o...

Futility and Termination of Resuscitation Variation for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

OBJECTIVES To evaluate agency-level differences in determinations of futility (defined as withholding resuscitative efforts by emergency medical services [EMS]) and termination of resuscitation (TOR) during prehospital encounters for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA...

Factors Associated With Chest Tube Output Following Robotic Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objective: Data on chest tube output following robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB) are limited. We aimed to quantify chest tube drainage following robotic TECAB and identify factors associated with increased output. Methods: A total of 125 consecuti...

Safer sex self-efficacy and condom use among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Inconsistent condom use puts adolescents at risk for HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy. A recent meta-analysis identified safer sex self-efficacy as one of the strongest correlates of U.S. adolescent condom use ( r avg = .22), but with significant heterogeneity in effect sizes. T...

BLEND-M: cellular deconvolution with personalized DNA methylation references

Cellular deconvolution estimates cell type fractions in tissue samples, providing an in-silico alternative to costly and labor-intensive cell sorting techniques. Accurate fraction estimates are essential for DNA methylation (DNAm) analyses, as they enable adjustment for confoundi...

Longitudinal Joint Quality Assurance: Threshold for Dielectric-Based Index

Abstract Compaction quality at longitudinal joints (LJ) is critical for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement durability. Traditional quality assurance (QA) methods, relying on pavement cores, are labor-intensive, time-consuming, costly, and limited in coverage. The Dielectric Profiling...

Rationally DesignedMalonate-Derived Ligands EnableCopper-Catalyzed C–N Coupling via a Cu(I)/Cu(III) Mechanism

Abstract A class of sterically decorated, malonamide ligands has been developed to enable copper-catalyzed C–N coupling for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles. This methodology facilitates the efficient coupling of aryl and heteroaryl bromides with a broad ra...

suPAR Identifies Treatment-Resistant Inflammatory Risk Beyond hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes With Coronary Artery Disease: An Ancillary Analysis of BARI 2D

OBJECTIVE To determine whether soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is modified by randomized diabetes and revascularization strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease and whether combined suPAR and hs-CRP classification refines re...

LMNB1 reduction is a potential therapeutic strategy in a mouse model of Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy

Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a fatal-adult-onset CNS demyelinating disorder for which no treatment exists. The majority of ADLD cases are caused by duplications of the lamin B1 ( LMNB1 ) gene, resulting in increased LMNB1 expression. While reducing LMNB1 levels rep...

Coding Errors in Study of Alcohol Use and Obesity

To the Editor We write to report errors in our Research Letter “Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Obesity,”1 published online April 20, 2026, and in the June 2026 issue of JAMA Internal Medicine.

Residential Context and Survival Disparities in Black and White Women With Ovarian Cancer

Importance: Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have significantly worse survival than White women. How residential context contributes to these disparities is unclear. Objective: To examine whether there is an association of residential context with racial dispariti...

Pathogens in the Nasopharynx Before and After Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Otitis Media

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on whether the timing or duration of treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) affects nasopharyngeal carriage. We studied the eradication of pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis) in relation to timing (...

Brains, Networks and Dynamics

Abstract This paper argues that when brain networks figure in explanations of cognition and behavior they often do so in conjunction with independent dynamical assumptions about signal transmission in the brain. In such cases explanation does not depend on network structure alone...

Non-CatalyticDirect Methane-to-Methanol Synthesisin an Intensified Helical-Coil Reactor

Abstract Methanol is a versatile chemical and an emerging lower-carbon fuel, which is conventionally produced from methane via syngas generation, a capital- and energy-intensive process. Direct methane-to-methanol (DMTM) could enable modular conversion of stranded or flared gas,...

Air Pollution Education: A Novel Curriculum for Pulmonary Fellows

Abstract Background Air pollution plays a significant role in human health, impacting respiratory outcomes. Despite decades of evidence detailing these health consequences as a result of both short and long-term air pollution exposure, the harms of air pollution exposure are infr...

The influence of Polycomb and Trithorax Group function on the sexually dimorphic abdomen pigmentation of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Animal traits develop through intricate patterns of gene expression that are regulated at multiple levels. This regulation includes interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory element (CRE) DNA sequences, and the dynamic accessibility of CREs due to chr...

Shifts in Clinical Practice–Changing Acute Ischemic Stroke Research Over the Past Decade

BACKGROUND: The past decade has witnessed rapid growth of clinical trial programs in Europe and Asia, with randomized clinical trials (RCTs) publications from these regions outpacing those of the United States. However, limited data exist quantifying their relative influence on p...

Predictors of Postsurgical Outcomes in Trigger Finger Release: A Retrospective Analysis

Purpose This study aimed to examine factors associated with recurrent trigger finger and postoperative infection after trigger finger release (TFR) surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the variables that impact 4 postsurgical outcomes: postoperative...