University of Pittsburgh

Intraoperative Evaluation of Sarcoma Surgical Margins With Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging: Results From an Observational Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Sarcomas are rare malignancies that affect both adults and children. Surgical removal with negative histopathological margins is the foundation of sarcoma treatment. Failure to achieve negative margins puts patients at risk of local recurrence (LR). LR rates...

A multi-site benchmarking framework for scalable extraction of geriatric care constructs from electronic health records

Current Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms for detecting geriatric conditions are largely limited to domain-specific models that fail to capture the interdependent, multidimensional nature of comprehensive geriatric assessment. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a...

Functional Outcomes Following Hallux Sesamoidectomy in Athletic and Non-Athletic Populations at Two-Year Follow-Up

Background: The hallucal sesamoids are 2 small ovoid bones embedded within the flexor hallucis brevis tendon beneath the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Pathology of these structures can significantly impair foot function, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and reduced quality...

Prioritizing Global Health Education in Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowships: An Applicant Survey

Abstract Background Global Health (GH) is expanding, offering an increasing number of opportunities for engagement to trainees in medical schools and residency programs. This expansion of opportunities has not yet reached those at the fellowship level, particularly in Critical Ca...

If We Don't Define It, We Can't Evaluate It: Competency Frameworks for Assessing Dental Educators’ Performance in Academic Roles

ABSTRACT Dental educators are increasingly expected to undertake complex roles extending beyond clinical teaching, including curriculum design, assessment, leadership, and scholarship. However, competence as a dental educator remains poorly defined and inconsistently evaluated. C...

Adiposity and Cognitive Performance in Older Men and Women from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)

BACKGROUND: Aging is accompanied by changes in body composition and cognition. Although adiposity has been linked to metabolic dysfunction and dementia risk, associations with specific cognitive domains in later life remain unclear. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined as...

SPLUNC1/BPIFA1 Restrains Neutrophil-Dominant Inflammation and Coordinated Inflammatory Gene Programs During LPS-Induced Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, increased pulmonary permeability, impaired gas exchange, and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent microbial trigger of inflammation, is widely used to model ALI. Short palate, lung, and...

When the Workplace is a Home: A Dialogue on the Complexities of Power, Care, and Human Rights for Domestic Workers

This piece features a conversation about the complexities of negotiating power, care, and human rights for domestic workers in Argentina, Chile, and the United States. Issues discussed include questions of power and labor; challenges and complexities of living and working in some...

Chiral Morphology in MoS2 Nanostructures for Spin-Polarized Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis

Abstract Controlling chirality in inorganic nanostructures offers a powerful route to tailoring their electronic and catalytic functions. Here, we demonstrate that the chiral morphology of metallic 1T-MoS2 nanosheets can be precisely tuned to modulate spin-dependent properties vi...

Deformable precipitates locally modify fault-mediated plasticity for strength-ductility synergy

Precipitates in structural alloys are conventionally understood as passive obstacles to dislocation motion. Here we show that semi-coherent hexagonal close-packed precipitates in a low-stacking-fault-energy Ni50Co30Ru20 multi-principal element alloy cooperate with planar-fault pl...

In Search of Subtypes of Children With Developmental Disabilities Using the WISC-V: A Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract Purpose Identifying subtypes within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has often been attempted to better understand the significant heterogeneity within the spectrum. Profiles of cognitive functioning have frequently been investigated as possible subtype definitions, but mo...

Spatial transcriptomics reveals atorvastatin modulates the tumor microenvironment to suppress breast cancer liver metastatic outgrowth

Metastatic breast cancer remains incurable, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Epidemiological and preclinical evidence suggests statins suppress metastatic outgrowth, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We employed high-resolution spatial trans...

Prepregnancy Diet Quality Index and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

This cohort study of US births examines the association of preconception diet quality with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Asymptotic FDR Control with Model-X Knockoffs: Is Moments Matching Sufficient?

We propose a unified theoretical framework for studying the robustness of the model-X knockoffs framework by investigating the asymptotic false discovery rate (FDR) control of the practically implemented approximate knockoffs procedure. This procedure deviates from the model-X kn...

The Python simulations of chemistry framework: 10 years of an open-source quantum chemistry project

Over the past decade, the Python-based Simulations of Chemistry Framework (PySCF) has developed into a widely used open-source platform for electronic-structure theory and quantum chemical method development. This article reviews the major advances since the previous overview in...

Beyond Chronological Age: A Scoping Review of Neurosurgical Intervention for Central Nervous System Tumors in the Very Elderly

Adults aged 75 years or older are increasingly considered for neurosurgical treatment of primary central nervous system tumors, yet the evidence guiding treatment selection remains fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Scienc...

Blue-sky thinking about pronunciation research and teaching

Abstract In the fall of 2024, Ron Thomson and Tracey Derwing invited 15 pronunciation scholars representing several subspecialties to participate in a full-day symposium to discuss directions for pronunciation research. To prepare for the symposium, held in conjunction with the P...

Motion-Preserving Salvage for Failed Total Ankle Arthroplasty or Talar AVN: Outcomes of Combined Total Ankle Arthroplasty with Custom 3D-Printed Total Talus Replacement

BACKGROUND: Talar component collapse following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and talar avascular necrosis (AVN) with concurrent ankle arthritis represent challenging clinical scenarios. Traditional salvage with tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis sacrifices motion and has nonunion ra...

Fatty Acid and Oxylipin Metabolism Differentiate Isolated Postcapillary From Combined Pre- and Postcapillary Pulmonary Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left-sided heart disease (Group 2 PH) is the most common type of PH and comprises 2 subtypes with distinct clinical profiles and outcomes: isolated postcapillary PH and combined pre- and postcapillary PH (Cpc-PH). Bioactive lipid der...

Cleft Summit 2025: How to Ensure Psychosocial Assessments Actually Improve the Lives of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Objective The 3 rd Cleft Summit examined whether and how cleft teams assess the psychosocial impact of facial differences on children and their families and sought to develop actionable strategies for improving psychosocial outcomes. Design Expert consensus study followed by a de...