University of Naples Federico II

Migraine in Real-World Clinical Practice: Patient Burden, Healthcare Utilization and Unmet Needs—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the I-GRAINE Study

What are the main findings?Migraine care in Italy is characterized by a mismatch between healthcare resource utilization and clinical needs, with limited primary-care involvement, repeated specialist consultations, and healthcare nomadism.Healthcare resource utilization is substa...

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)-Mediated Extraction of Bioactives from Brewing By-Products: A Scoping Review for Functional Food and Sports Supplementation

The brewing industry generates substantial organic waste, prompting interest in sustainable valorization because these by-products retain significant residual nutritional and nutraceutical value. Based on these premises, this scoping review aims to evaluate whether DES- and NADES...

Spatial Path Superposition: A No-Cloning Perspective on MIMO-Inspired Spatial Diversity

Spatial diversity is a key mechanism in classical Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communications, where multiple propagation alternatives provide redundant observations that improve reliability in noisy environments. A direct translation of this principle to quantum communication...

Real-world adjunctive use of an alpha-lactalbumin/sodium butyrate Food for Special Medical Purposes in drug-resistant epilepsy: the multicentre retrospective ARMILLA study

The purpose of this study was to describe real-world adjunctive use, tolerability, and hypothesis-generating seizure and multidomain outcomes of LALBAAY, an alpha-lactalbumin/sodium butyrate Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP), in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE)....

Causal-Graph-Guided Reinforcement Learning for LLM Security Testing: An Empirical Study

This preprint investigates whether structural causal information derived from adversarial interaction trajectories can improve reinforcement-learning-based black-box security testing of large language models. The study combines PPO-based adaptive prompt search with an interpretab...

Eco-friendly One-Pot Synthesis of Oxamide

Abstract A novel, eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of oxamide was developed using nontoxic starting materials, offering a safer alternative to traditional methods. The procedure yields a highly pure oxamide precipitate within 2 days. By optimizing key reaction parameters including...

Marine waste-derived soil amendments via combined biological treatments and mineral enrichment: Process characterisation and potential for ecological restoration

Posidonia oceanica litter accumulates along shorelines forming deposits with important ecological functions but also challenging management requirements. With a view to propose an effective management strategy, P. oceanica litter was combined with fish market wastes at a 3:1 rati...

Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Root Extract Induces Transcriptional Signatures Associated with Metal Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism in Human Keratinocytes

Background/Objectives: Botanical metabolites can modulate cellular stress responses, lipid homeostasis, and epithelial organization. Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root contains bioactive phytochemicals and inulin-type fructans, but its molecular effects in vitro remain incompletely...

Knowledge of lactose intolerance in Italian adults: a cross‑sectional assessment

Abstract Purpose To assess knowledge of lactose intolerance (LI) in Italian adults, identifying major knowledge gaps and factors associated with awareness. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2024 and March 2025 among Italian adults (≥ 18 years). A newl...

High-fat diet promotes T cell–mediated synaptic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Early glutamatergic synaptopathy contributes to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to excitotoxic synaptic damage. Although high-fat diet (HFD)–associated peripheral inflammation has been linked to central nervous system dysfunction, how metabolic and immune...

Entropic Phase Separation in Polymer–Vitrimer Melts

Abstract Traditional plastics demand a choice between durability (thermosets) and reprocessability (thermoplastics). Vitrimers are a recent class of polymer network combining both of these qualities. Their increased cost of production can be offset by mixing them with a tradition...

Improving the accuracy of fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo for non-covalent interactions

Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) and coupled cluster theory [CCSD(T)] are widely used benchmark methods for noncovalent interactions (NCIs). However, recent studies have reported notable discrepancies for several hydrogen-bonded and dispersion-dominated systems, raising questi...

Amide-Linked Fluorene Polymer Networks with Polymerization-Induced Palladium Incorporation for Sustainable Aqueous C–C Cross-Coupling

Abstract Amide-linked fluorene polymer networks, structurally related to covalent organic polymers (COPs), are attractive platforms for sustainable heterogeneous catalysis owing to their chemical robustness, structural tunability, and ability to stabilize metal species within org...

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency and coeliac disease: Immune response dynamics

Abstract Objective To analyse the serological immune response in paediatric patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) and coeliac disease (CeD), focusing on immunoglobulin G antibody dynamics after starting the gluten‐free diet (GFD). Methods Data from SIgAD pat...

Ti3C2T x MXene-Enhanced Paper-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes for Sweat Sodium Monitoring

Abstract Electrolyte balance plays a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, as ionic fluctuations regulate cellular excitability, osmotic gradients, and neuromuscular signaling. Among electrolytes, sodium (Na+) is a critical biomarker for hydration status and...

Comparative assessment of two evapotranspiration models from earth observation data in arid agricultural regions

Abstract Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components is crucial for sustainable water management in agriculture, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study presents the first direct comparison of ET products from WaPOR version 3.0 Level 3 (WaPORv3), which...

Construction and characterisation of the DarkSide-20k veto silicon photo-multiplier tiles

Abstract Silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) are state-of-the-art sensors capable of detecting a single photoelectron under cryogenic conditions, with potentially lower radioactivity than widely used photomultiplier tubes. The DarkSide-20k experiment, designed to perform direct dar...

The Behavior of the External Limiting Membrane and Ellipsoid Zone in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Population AI-Assisted Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantification. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. OCT scans of...

Non-stabilizerness and violations of CHSH inequalities

We study quantitatively the interplay between entanglement and non-stabilizer resources in violating the CHSH inequalities. We show that, while non-stabilizer resources are necessary, they must have a specific structure, namely they need to be both asymmetric and (surprisingly) l...

Biliary-type pain in children with chronic abdominal pain: A cross-sectional, observational study.

OBJECTIVES: Functional gallbladder disorders are well-recognized entities in adults with standardized diagnostic criteria since the Rome III criteria. The existence of these disorders in children is still debated. The primary aim was to estimate the prevalence of disorders of gut...