University of Illinois Chicago

The Forcing Factors That Predict Obesity: A Cross‐Sectional Multilevel Machine Learning Model of US County‐Level Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: Variables predicting obesity are not limited to individual-level risk factors. The purpose of this study is to assess multilevel predictors of obesity prevalence. METHODS: US county-level datasets incorporating 34 variables were analyzed cross-sectionally using explain...

Wave-driven resuspension as the dominant environmental predictor of enterococci at Chicago beaches

Abstract Predicting fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to protect public health at Chicago beaches remains a significant challenge due to complex, site-specific environmental dynamics. This study presents a machine learning pipeline utilizing site-specific random forest regressor mod...

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lipid Emulsion for Non-Local Anesthetic Poisoning

Abstract Introduction Practitioners routinely use intravenous lipid emulsion for local anesthetic systemic toxicity, but its role in non-local anesthetic poisonings remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing lipid emulsion with standard care for...

An intermediate scale R-axion & the QCD axion

A bstract An intermediate scale R-axion faces an immediate obstruction from the Dine-Festuccia-Komargodski (DFK) bound on the superpotential, 2|⟨ W ⟩| ≤ f R F , since for a nearly Minkowski vacuum it typically follows that f R ≳ M Pl . We show that this lower bound on f R can be...

Local Linear Estimation for Covariate‐Dependent Coefficients Model in Disease Mapping

ABSTRACT Spatial regression effects may depend on covariates in disease‐mapping models. For example, the association between infectious disease incidence and risk factors may vary according to climatic factors, such as time, season, and temperature. In this study, we aim to devel...

Estimating lower bound functions in surrogate optimization

Abstract Lower bounds play a vital role in optimization by guiding search, improving solution quality, and quantifying optimality gaps. In expensive black-box settings, however, the quality of Lipschitz-based estimated lower bounds can deteriorate when function behavior varies ac...

Beyond LDL-C: Modern Lipid Management for ASCVD Prevention in Primary Care

Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is fundamental for both cardiologists and primary care physicians. From risk estimation to medical therapy for primary and secondary prevention, management is evolving with increasing evidence. Risk estimation is moving...

Tele-Robotic Surgery for Combat Casualty Care

Objective: These experiments test the feasibility of tele-robotic surgery for the shipboard care of combat casualties. Summary Background Data: Limited research on the effects of telecommunications latency on tele-robotics has been a consistent concern in the growth of tele-robot...

Dental Students' Use of Captions and Transcripts: Implications for ADA WCAG 2.1 Compliance

OBJECTIVES: This study examined how Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) students use captions and transcripts, their motivations for use, and their perceived learning benefits, with attention to accessibility and upcoming ADA compliance requirements. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anony...

Navigating the Unknown: The Sociocultural and Metacognitive Architecture of Wisdom

Psychological wisdom research has shifted from characterizing rare exemplars and desired outcomes to specifying processes that support sound judgment under uncertainty. Yet it has advanced along two siloed research tracks: one on folk theories-cultural tools such as exemplars, na...

Efficacy and Safety of Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: Many adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have overweight or obesity, underscoring the need for effective dietary weight loss strategies in this population. Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a popular approach for weight loss; however, its efficacy and safety in...

Counteraction of HMGB1 at ss-dsDNA junctions maintains liquidity of protamine-DNA co-condensates

In the sperm nucleus, protamine replaces histones to mediate extreme DNA compaction. The histone-to-protamine transition involves the occurrence of double-strand breaks, and is facilitated by transition proteins including those containing high-mobility-group (HMG) boxes. Here we...

Dual Burden of Community Violence and Policing in A Large Urban City

Abstract Marginalized urban communities are affected by both high levels of violence and pervasive police presence. This qualitative study examined the dual burden of violence and over-policing, which contributes to hypervigilance and stress among community members. To explore th...

A regulator of amino acid catabolism controls Acinetobacter baumannii gut colonization

Abstract Asymptomatic gut colonization increases the risk of clinical infection and transmission by the multidrug-resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii . Ornithine utilization was shown to be critical for A. baumannii competition with the resident microbiota to persist in gu...

Examining smartphone-assessed executive function metrics and intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity in depression

<title>Abstract</title> Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and costly mental health condition that is often associated with deficits in executive function. Smartphone applications (“apps”) have emerged as promising methods for assessing mental health-related outcomes in...

Tracking the baryon number with nuclear collisions

Baryon quantum number is found to be conserved since baryogenesis in the early Universe. Conventionally, each fractionally charged valence quark is understood to carry one-third of a baryon number. An alternative hypothesis posits that baryon number is instead carried by a baryon...

Real‐time artificial intelligence‐based anatomy recognition in single‐port transvesical enucleation of the prostate

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) model to assist surgeons through automated real‐time detection and segmentation of key anatomical structures during robot‐assisted single‐port transvesical enucleation of the prostate (STEP). P...

Biomolecular Pathways Linking Preoperative Chronic Stress to Postoperative Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Noncardiac Surgery

Postoperative cardiovascular complications remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery, yet current risk models do not incorporate psychosocial stress. With over 300 million noncardiac surgeries performed annually worldwide and a substantial burden...

Defining risk: the case for conceptual clarity in acetaminophen poisoning

Despite the widespread availability of acetylcysteine, acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning remains the most common cause of acute liver failure and acute liver transplantation in the United State...

Comparing Provider Perspectives on Efficiency and Patient Safety With Paper and Digital Tools for Handoffs of Patient Care

OBJECTIVES: Handoffs of patient care are opportunities for promoting efficiency and safety. With the shift from paper to digital records, we examine changes in provider perceptions of efficiency, errors, and confidence on a labor and delivery service at an urban, academic hospita...