Tufts University

The shifting landscape of assessment in STEM education in the age of generative AI

Abstract This article focuses on the impact of generative AI (GenAI) on assessment in STEM education. Guided by the assessment triangle as a conceptual framework, we take an ecosystems perspective to review the extant STEM education literature and identify how GenAI affects what...

Thermal adaptation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by laboratory evolution does not enhance tagatose biosynthesis

Abstract D-Tagatose is recognized as a promising sugar alternative, but its biosynthesis is limited by poor thermodynamics of isomerization from D-galactose. Higher reaction temperatures favor tagatose production, but microbial whole cell conversion is limited by viability of cel...

Zircon geochronology constraints on the geometry and solidification timescales of the Dufek layered mafic intrusion, Antarctica

Abstract The ~ 182 Ma Dufek Intrusion of Antarctica, associated with the Ferrar Dolerite Province, is a large layered mafic intrusion that is estimated to be similar in size to the 8–9 km thick Bushveld Complex of South Africa. Similar to the Bushveld Complex, the Dufek Intrusion...

Candid and Unedited: The Real Clinician AI Conversations Nobody Publishes

This preprint reproduces a conversation between a clinician and an AI system (Claude, Anthropic Opus 5.0 High) during research on the e-norms method, which derives reference values from patient data rather than from recruited healthy volunteers. Accounts of working with these sys...

On a generalization of Cannon’s conjecture for cubulated hyperbolic groups

Abstract We show that cubulated hyperbolic groups with spherical boundary of dimension 3 or at least 5 are virtually fundamental groups of closed, orientable, aspherical manifolds, provided that there are sufficiently many quasi-convex, codimension-1 subgroups whose limit sets ar...

Effect of denture and soft tissue disinfection on edentulous biofilms

ABSTRACT Oral biofilms play a central role in oral and systemic diseases. Periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have been detected on dentures and oral mucosa, suggesting denture wearers remain at risk. This study aimed t...

Neurosymbolic code auditing

Code auditing examines whether an implementation satisfies target properties such as reliability, security, performance, and design intent. Classical static analysis provides rigorous foundations for automated auditing, but it remains difficult to apply broadly in real-world soft...

Factors associated with longitudinal survey adherence and smartwatch usage among older adults in the electronic Framingham Heart Study

Sustaining long-term adherence to digital health protocols remains a major challenge, and factors influencing sustained use of digital devices among older adults are poorly understood. We identified sociodemographic, health-related, and technological factors associated with longi...

Modulating innate immune responses to curli fibers through protein engineering

ABSTRACT Curli fibers produced by Escherichia coli are functional amyloids that activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), initiating innate immune responses at mucosal surfaces. While microbiome-derived curli contribute to host-microbe interactions, their intrinsic immunostimulatory...

Performance and Time Efficiency of Artificial Intelligence‐Based Programs for the Automatic Design of Occlusal Devices and Restorations: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy and time efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based programs for designing occlusal devices and tooth‐supported restorations. Material and Methods A search was completed in 5 databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Scien...

Implementation Strategies for Strengthening Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Clinical and Translational Pilot Studies

This article details participatory strategies in modestly funded, short-term studies that shape larger clinical and translational research. Specifically, we document engagement practices and strategies used in small-scale pilot studies for which the funder required applicants hav...

Correlates of Mammogram Screening Among Brazilian Immigrant Women in the United States: Analysis of 2020 Cross-Sectional Survey Data

Abstract Purpose The United States (US) has a growing Brazilian immigrant population, yet little is known about mammography screening in this population. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify factors associated with mammogram recency among Brazilian immigrant women in...

Program-Level Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Use and 10-Year Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

This comparative effectiveness research examines the association between neoadjuvant chemotherapy adoption by US cancer programs and 10-year survival among patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

A Prospective Study on the Effect of Coronal Tooth Structure Loss on the Survival of Root Canal‐Retreated Posterior Teeth Restored With Metal Ceramic Crowns With up to 10‐Year Follow‐Up

ABSTRACT Aim The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the volume of residual coronal tooth structure influences the survival of root canal‐retreated posterior teeth with up to 10‐year follow‐up. Secondary aims were to assess whether 12‐month radiographic findings and...

Non-copulatory ovulation in cats during a non-surgical sterilization study

Introduction: Our original study was designed to evaluate a novel non-surgical spay technique for cats. An injectable lipid nanocomplex was developed that we hypothesized would reduce or eliminate estrus behaviors. We did not anticipate ovulations, as mating is considered necessa...

Gender History: A Necessary Key to Understanding Central Europe

Abstract Seven specialists in Central and East Central European history have come together to discuss the state of the field of gender studies in their subfields. Much emphasis is placed on thinking about how the current political situation in the 2020s is affecting what historia...

Enzymatic Ligation Strategy to Enhance Electrospray Ionization Efficiency and Liquid Chromatography─Mass Spectrometry of DNA and RNA Oligonucleotides

Abstract Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for characterizing modified RNA as it directly maps and quantifies all mass-altering modifications simultaneously. However, the physicochemical properties of RNA result in poor ionization efficiencies during electrospray ion...

Black boxes in black hole imaging

We investigate the epistemic opacity of computer simulations and machine learning methods in the context of black hole imaging. We argue that there are forms of opacity—including opacity resulting from the use of machine learning—which do not need to affect the reliability of an...

An Endovascular Approach for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Assessing Morphometric Candidacy After Venous Sinus Stenting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current treatments of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure, include ventriculoperitoneal shunting and venous sinus stenting (VSS). Recently, transvenous endovascular shunting using the CereVasc eShunt s...

Paternal but not maternal adiposity is associated with reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in neonatal umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells

Parental adiposity is linked to offspring cardiometabolic risk, but whether altered insulin responsiveness is measurable at birth is unclear. We examined associations among maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI, documented in the medical record) and paternal preconception B...