The University of Melbourne

Stochastic dominance for linear combinations of infinite-mean risks

Abstract We establish a sufficient condition for comparing linear combinations of independent and identically distributed infinite-mean random variables under the usual stochastic order. We introduce a new class of distributions that includes many commonly used heavy-tailed model...

JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova

Abstract We present panchromatic observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2023qov, ranging from ∼2 weeks before to ∼1 yr after maximum light. JWST near- and mid-infrared spectra at +276 and +363 days show ∼400 K dust emission that cools by ∼75 K between epochs, the first una...

The economic burden of Borderline Personality Disorder: direct and indirect costs, and evidence from evaluations of interventions

Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by longstanding patterns of difficulty in functioning, and when left untreated, BPD can impose a substantial financial burden on individuals and society, in terms of higher healthcare costs as well as broader socie...

Reassessing the Role of the Antarctic Slope Current in Poleward Ocean Heat Transport

Abstract The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) is often considered a barrier to the poleward transport of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), yet its vast extent has hindered circumpolar analysis of this relationship. Here, we use a high‐resolution global ocean‐sea ice model that resolves...

Corticosteroid use in children with community acquired sepsis: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Objectives Corticosteroids in paediatric sepsis have the potential to improve outcomes, yet there is little supporting evidence regarding efficacy, choice of agents, dose or timing of administration. We describe the patterns of corticosteroid use in children hospitalised with sus...

MEAN FIRST ESCAPE TIMES OF BROWNIAN MOTION ON ASYMPTOTICALLY HYPERBOLIC AND GAS GIANT METRIC SURFACES

Abstract This paper deals with the mean first escape time of Brownian motion on asymptotically hyperbolic and gas giant surfaces. We show that for a boundary defining function ρ $\rho $ rho , the mean first escape time u ε ( x ) $u_\varepsilon (x)$ u Subscript epsilon Baseline le...

Body Weight in Relation to the Effectiveness of Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ENCHANTED Trial

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of body weight in patients receiving thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether body weight modifies the comparative effects of low- versus standard-dose intravenous alteplase and to eval...

Reduced density matrix approach to one-dimensional ultracold bosonic systems

The variational determination of the two-boson reduced density matrix is described for a one-dimensional system of N N harmonically trapped bosons interacting via contact interaction, where N N ranges from 2 2 to 10^4 10 4 . The ground-state energies are calculated, and compared...

Underestimated rice yield risks from extreme cold in China

Despite global warming, intensifying extreme cold anomalies present a significant paradox for global food security. While heat-related risks are well-documented, the impact of extreme cold on crop yields remains a critical yet understudied vulnerability in climate change assessme...

Biophysical and structural characterisation of a quasi-stable toxic dimer of amyloid Aβ42 peptide tethered at position 34

Abstract Non-fibrillar oligomeric forms of amyloid β (Aβ) mediate toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with Aβ accumulation preceding tau aggregation and synaptic damage. Aβ oligomerization is thought to initiate from the smallest stable unit, the dimer, yet structural details of...

Integrated cross-sectoral surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes across disparate reservoirs

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes are continually exchanged among humans, animals, and environmental reservoirs. Disparate and siloed surveillance methods present a major challenge for tracing and disrupting AMR transmission, with clinical monitoring focusing on de...

A multidisciplinary perspective on digital health interventions in schizophrenia care: Expanding the 2026 Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guidelines

In this paper, we aim to provide a multidisciplinary and lived-experience-informed perspective on existing evidence for the utilisation of digital health interventions in schizophrenia care. We have integrated the findings from the most recent meta-analysis of digital health inte...

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Machine Learning Uncovers Distinct Progression Patterns in Friedreich Ataxia

Abstract Background Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with heterogenous clinical progression, complicating prognosis and trial design. Neuroimaging offers objective biomarkers of disease progression, yet variability in progression patterns remains poor...

Seizure control and foetal malformation in primiparous women with Epilepsy: statistical analysis of data from a prospective observational study

Purpose To evaluate seizure control and foetal malformation in the first pregnancy of women with epilepsy through the analysis of the Australian Pregnancy Register database focusing of women with epilepsy intending or beginning their first pregnancy. This was achieved through a s...

Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Axis and Survival in Metastatic Hormone‐Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Post‐Hoc Analysis From the ENZAMET Phase 3 Trial

ABSTRACT Background A higher ratio of IGF‐1:IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) was associated with improved prognosis in the CHAARTED trial of docetaxel in participants with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). The ENZAMET trial demonstrated the survival benefit of a...

The matrilineal Turn: Wiradjuri matrilineal leadership, colonial disruption, and the work of cultural return

Abstract This article advances three claims regarding the matrilineal organization of Wiradjuri society in central New South Wales. Drawing on the late nineteenth and early twentieth century ethnographic record, it demonstrates that Wiradjuri descent, totem, moiety identity, and...

Quantifying Cloud‐Fog‐Induced Reductions in Near‐Surface Solar Radiation Using the Reduction Ratio Method

Abstract Cloud‐fog formation substantially reduces near‐surface solar radiation and modulates land‐atmosphere interactions, but quantifying such reduction is limited by sparse mountain observations. Using a 1‐km geostationary satellite‐retrieved product, we apply the Reduction Ra...

Cardiovascular risk factors at 24-months after risk reducing oophorectomy- a prospective controlled study from WHAM

Structured Abstract Background Women at risk of ovarian cancer due to BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants are advised to undergo bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) prior to natural menopause. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that surgical menopause increases cardiovascul...

PhDGPT: Measuring bias in academic mental health across quantised and uncensored LLMs

We investigate bias in academic mental health as reflected by Large Language Models (LLMs). To this aim, we introduce PhDGPT, a synthetic dataset encapsulating the machine psychology of Ph.D. researchers and professors as perceived by OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 and GPT-OSS-20b. The dataset...

Motor speech markers of Alzheimer’s risk

Abstract Motor changes are increasingly recognized as part of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) phenotype, yet motor speech function and its clinical utility for early AD risk stratification remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study investigated whether measures of motor speech...