The University of Melbourne

Aphasia treatment research: a decision-making tool to guide the design of phased trials from the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs) trials for aphasia panel

Background Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials with meta-analyses indicate that speech and language therapy for aphasia after stroke is effective in improving communication. However, high-quality evidence to identify an intervention’s target population (who), regim...

Protective role of dietary antioxidant intake on long-term effects of extreme PM2.5 exposure on respiratory health

Objective: To test whether dietary antioxidants moderated effects of PM 2.5 from coal mine fire smoke on respiratory symptoms. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of diet and respiratory symptom data from 448 members of the Hazelwood Health Study Adult cohort. Individu...

Patellofemoral Joint Contact Area During Gait is Significantly Reduced in ACL-reconstructed and Uninjured Contralateral Knees Compared to Healthy Controls

Abstract This study aimed to measure patellofemoral (PF) joint contact area for complete cycles of walking in both knees of individuals who had undergone unilateral anterior-cruciate-ligament reconstruction (ACLR) 6-15 months earlier. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imagi...

“I like to play with my Grandfriends”: Participants’ experiences in a co-located intergenerational program

Research on intergenerational programs (IGPs) has documented cognitive, physical and social outcomes for older adults, and beneficial effects for children such as enhanced empathy and more positive attitudes toward older adults. However, there is a relative scarcity of research d...

The Impact of 40 Years of Data Collection: The Victoria Cerebral Palsy Register

Background: The Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register (VCPR) project collects information on all individuals born or living in Victoria since 1970. It is one of the largest cerebral palsy (CP) registers internationally, with over 6800 participants. Methods: This paper will explain ho...

Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Following Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential for evaluating quality of life in patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This scoping review synthesises evidence on PROMs used in this population to guide future research...

Challenges and approaches to genetic variants of uncertain significance in clinical practice and research

Despite advances in sequencing technologies and variant interpretation frameworks, many variants identified in genetic testing, particularly missense variants, remain classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), posing ongoing challenges in diagnosis and clinical manag...

Associations between lifestyle factors and 2.5-year clinical outcomes differ by time since multiple sclerosis diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyle factors are associated with better health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Whether these associations differ according to time since diagnosis remains unclear. Understanding this may inform optimal timing for lifestyle modification....

Diagnostic performance of a centrifugation-free stool processing kit in conjunction with Xpert®MTB/RIF Ultra for paediatric tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in five low and middle-income countries

Diagnosing paediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging. Currently available diagnostic tests have limited accuracy, and most sampling methods are invasive. In 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) endorsed the use of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests (mWRD...

Treatment Goals for Primary Biliary Cholangitis, an Australian Perspective

ABSTRACT Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease that targets the small intrahepatic bile ducts with diagnosis based on elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the presence of anti‐mitochondrial antibodies. Untreated, it may run a progressive...

Using Generative Artificial Intelligence to Identify Themes of Basic Psychological Needs in Popular Song Lyrics

Music listening is a universal human behaviour, increasingly recognised for its association with well-being. The mechanisms underlying how music listening influences well-being remain unclear, especially in terms of broader motivational processes. Utilising a self-determination t...

IHFD: an improved heartbeat-based failure detector of $$\Diamond \,P$$ class for partially synchronous hierarchical distributed systems

Fundamentally, failure detectors are important for failure detection in distributed systems, particularly in partially synchronous environments, where message delays and process failures are unavoidable. This paper proposed an Improved Heartbeat-based Failure Detector (IHFD) for...

Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activities of New Organometallic Derivatives of the Benzimidazole Anthelmintic Drugs

About 50 years after their development, the benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs still occupy a key role in the treatment of parasitic diseases. Like other anti-infective drugs, their extensive use has led to resistance development and now requires new solutions to treat these diseas...

Associations between metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and physical and mental health–related quality of life in older adults

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common, often overlooked liver condition. Its impact on quality-of-life in older adults is not well understood. We examined the association between MASLD and physical and mental quality of life in a well-charac...

Charge‐Redistribution‐Driven Dual‐Single‐Atom Catalysts on MXene for Hydrogen Evolution

ABSTRACT The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exhibits pH‐ and electrolyte‐dependent pathways, imposing intrinsic challenges on the development of catalysts that operate efficiently across wide pH conditions and in seawater electrolysis. Here, we report a dual‐single‐atom cataly...

Defining and Measuring Developmental Regression During Childhood: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Developmental regression during childhood is inconsistently defined and measured, resulting in delayed diagnostic discovery and intervention. This study aimed to examine published definitions and measures for developmental regression. A comprehensive search strategy was...

DynamicTechno-Economic and Environmental Analysisof Biofuel, Powerfuel, and Hybrid Sustainable Aviation Fuel Pathways

Abstract Decarbonising aviation demands scalable, cost-effective sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) solutions to meet 2050 net-zero targets. This study aims to evaluate the comparative performance and longer-term implications of key mature and emerging SAF pathways under real world...

Metabolic reprogramming enables transient survival and envelope remodelling in Staphylococcus aureus under dalbavancin treatment

Clinical failure of antibiotic therapy can occur in the absence of measurable resistance, yet the biological basis of this discordance remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a transient survival phenotype that limits dalbavancin efficacy and may contribute to treatment fail...

Understanding barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening: insights from South Asian women and general practitioners in Victoria, Australia

BACKGROUND: South Asian women, like many other culturally and linguistically diverse populations in Australia, remain under-represented in breast cancer screening, perpetuating inequities in early detection and treatment. To explore perspectives of South Asian women and general p...

Evolution of spectra and convection velocities of a turbulent boundary layer over an axisymmetric body

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry are employed to examine the spectral characteristics and frequency-dependent convection velocities of a turbulent boundary layer developing over an axisymmetric body of revolution subjected to varying pressure gradi...