Stanford Medicine

Exercise and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Paradigm Shift Toward Informed, Personalized Activity Guidelines

Exercise is widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits; however, its safety and role in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) remains complex due to its distinctive biomechanical vulnerabilities. Fundamentally different from abdominal aortic aneurysms, TAAs develo...

Mental Health Ghost Networks in Commercial Insurance Plans

Importance Whether network directories in commercial insurance plans, which cover the majority of insured US residents, reliably connect patients to mental health care has only seen limited testing. Objective To assess network directory accuracy, appointment availability, wait ti...

Modeling the heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease using partially ordered set models

Abstract Traditional binary classifications of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cognitive dysfunction fail to capture its inherent heterogeneity. This study introduces the Partially Ordered Set (POSET) model, a Bayesian framework, to analyze cognitive heterogeneity using Parkinson’s Prec...

Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in human fibroblasts from lymph nodes and synovium

Abstract Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used method for gene expression analysis; however, its accuracy depends on the selection of stable reference genes for normalization. To date, no study has systematically identified suitable reference genes for primary hum...

Three Views of Resolution in Carbon Markets Parsing Contractual, Regulatory and Atmospheric Claims

Abstract Carbon markets clear trades, enforce contracts, and satisfy regulatory obligations, yet atmospheric exposure remains open even where actors proceed in good faith. This article develops a typology of resolution—contractual, regulatory, and atmospheric—to explain why marke...

Mental Health Factors in Cardiothoracic Surgery Risk Prediction Models: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders are associated with substantial morbidity and death in cardiovascular disease, yet their role in perioperative risk stratification remains unclear in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. We evaluated how mental health disorders are curre...

AmpliconSuite: an end-to-end workflow for analyzing focal amplifications in cancer genomes

Abstract Here we present AmpliconSuite, a toolkit for focal amplification analysis from cancer whole-genome sequencing that identifies extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), breakage–fusion–bridges and other amplification modes. Its ecContext module categorizes ecDNA structures to underst...

Prevalence of MRI findings in adults with scapular pain: An exploratory cross-sectional study

Background Scapular pain has multiple possible pain generators including cervical radiculopathy, facet arthropathy, scapular dyskinesis, and myofascial pain making selecting an appropriate interventional target challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered as part...

Changes in Coronal and Sagittal Plane Alignment After Transphyseal ACL Reconstruction Performed Within Two Years of Skeletal Maturity: Results From the PLUTO Study Group

Background: For patients with open physes approaching skeletal maturity, transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with soft tissue autograft and metaphyseal fixation is often preferred. Although iatrogenic physeal injury is rare, growth disturbances have been...

Comparison of clinical outcomes, cost, and patient perceptions between delayed and immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Thailand: a retrospective case–control study

To compare clinical outcomes, complication rates, costs, and patient perceptions—encompassing satisfaction, anxiety, pain, and visual function—between delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) and immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) in Thailand....

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in US prison settings: a model-based cost-effectiveness study

Background HIV prevalence in prisons is three times higher than in the general community, and ongoing transmission risks highlight the importance of prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prison-based PrEP p...

ADHD Presentations and Severity in Adults: Psychometric Profiles, Psychiatric Comorbidities, and Emotional Dysregulation in Relation to Psychiatric Hospitalization

Background/Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is heterogeneous in symptom presentation, severity, and comorbid psychopathology, yet systematic data from Italian clinical populations remain limited. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional...

Screening strategies for the early detection of non-cardia gastric cancer in low- to moderate-prevalence regions: Asia-Pacific gastroesophageal cancer congress consensus 2026

Abstract Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health burden, and early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes. Although GC screening has been widely implemented in East Asian countries with a high disease burden, the optimal screening strategy for...

Science-wide mapping of institutions based on affiliated authors' impact and research integrity proxies

Abstract We aimed to generate institution-level data of indicators that may reflect, as proxies, the impact and the research integrity of the authors affiliated with them and that also adjust for institution size and scientific subfields where these authors work. We used the Scop...

Care of the Sexual or Gender Minority Community Living with Cystic Fibrosis: A Survey of United States and Canadian Multidisciplinary Health Care Providers

PURPOSE: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, or another sexual or gender minority (LGBTQIA+) people face health inequities and commonly report health care avoidance. We examined how multidisciplinary subspecialist providers care for LGBTQIA+ people with...

Association Between Caffeinated Beverage Intake and Semen Quality in a Preconception Cohort

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between caffeine intake and semen quality among couples attempting conception. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of caffeinated beverage intake on semen quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from Pre...

Development and Validation of a Coronary Artery Calcium Volume and Density Score

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a useful tool for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction. The current standard method, the Agatston score, weights plaque area upward by density. However, higher density is inversely associated with CHD. We aimed to devel...

Delays in breast cancer presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in young women

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) in young patients is often identified at later stages, which can result in poor prognosis. It is important to investigate the factors influencing care delays and how delays affect outcomes. METHODS: This study included women aged ≤40 years at diagno...

“My Existence is Queer”: Understanding Trans and Nonbinary College Students’ Sexual Identities

Scientific practices surrounding sexual identity are largely based upon cisheteronormative assumptions, using terms that may not resonate with − or may exclude − trans and nonbinary (TNB) individuals and their experiences. This exploratory study examined how TNB college students...

Coupling target and radioactive emitter matters: a sub-tissue dosimetric study to identify optimal strategies

Abstract Background Radiopharmaceutical-therapy dosimetry depends on both radionuclide emission physics and the spatial distribution of activity. We evaluated how radionuclide identity and protein-defined subcellular localization influenced cancer-cell nuclear absorbed-dose distr...