Pennsylvania State University

IGF2 knockout reduces but does not abolish osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo

Insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is implicated in osteosarcoma, but direct functional evidence of its role is lacking. Here, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 to knock out IGF2 in Saos2 osteosarcoma cells. Knockout cells showed reduced proliferation in vitro which was fully restored by exog...

Concurrent Etching and Exchange Reactions During the Partial Replacement of Cu+ with Ni2+ in Copper Sulfide Nanorods

Abstract Partially exchanging a fraction of the Cu+ cations in copper sulfide nanoparticles with other cations can produce heterostructured derivatives that incorporate multiple metal sulfides. Cation exchange reactions can compete with etching processes, where the exchanging cat...

Descriptors to Dynamics: A Materials and Device Perspective on in‐Materio Physical Reservoir Computing for Neuromorphic Edge Intelligence

Reservoir computing is attractive for edge intelligence because it not only reduces training overhead but also turns transient material physics into computation. In in-materio systems, memory, nonlinearity, separability, and efficiency are not added later at the circuit level; th...

Collocated Geotechnical and Geophysical Test Dataset at Three Sites in Napier, New Zealand

Reliable assessment of liquefaction hazard, particularly in the context of groundwater fluctuations associated with hydroclimatic changes and variability between liquefaction assessment methods, necessitates supplementary data and advanced site characterization methods. To unders...

Older Adults share an agreement on experiences that elicit love: A study of consensus and individual differences in judgments

Abstract Objectives Positive social connections are key ingredients for healthy aging. We studied older adults’ shared agreement on loving experiences and individual differences in their decisions-making to unlock critical information about how this developmental group connects s...

Identifying Research Priorities for the Development of High-Integrity Forest Carbon Credits

Abstract In the United States, voluntary carbon markets have gained significant traction in recent years. However, many offset standards, protocols, and credit ratings have come under scrutiny from the public and investors for failing to produce real or sustainable carbon offsets...

The Leisure of AI Agents on Moltbook?

Moltbook was launched as a platform made for Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents to have a “place to relax, let loose, and make friends.” Although agents engage in leisure-like behavior in this space, we argue that these expressions represent orchestrated and programmed performan...

Pulsed Infrared Emission from Magnetar 4U 0142+61 Detected by JWST

Abstract We report on a JWST observation of the magnetar 4U 0142+61 on 2024 August 18 with the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). NIRCam observed the magnetar for 33 minutes in timing mode, providing a time resolution of 2.5 s. In the F410M filter (pivot wavelength 4.08 μ m), we meas...

Error Analysis of Generalized Langevin Equations with Approximated Memory Kernels

Abstract. We analyze prediction error in stochastic dynamical systems with memory, focusing on generalized Langevin equations formulated as stochastic Volterra equations. We establish that, under a strongly convex potential, trajectory discrepancies decay at a rate determined by...

Molecular and physiological mechanisms of the cadmium response in seedlings of two Theobroma cacao L. genotypes

Abstract Aims Understanding the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in cacao plants is critical to mitigating health risks associated with Cd exposure through chocolate consumption. A general and genotype-specific molecular and physiological responses were characterized. Meth...

A Fourier–Collocation Framework for Constructing Quasi-Periodic Orbit Families in the CR3BP

Abstract Long-term spacecraft motion in multi-body dynamical environments rarely remains strictly periodic; the phase space near periodic orbits is instead foliated by invariant tori supporting quasi-periodic motion, yet generic perturbations may equally destabilize trajectories...

The Problems and Needs of Green Hydrogen and Electrolyzer Customers

Abstract Hydrogen (H2), when produced through water splitting using renewable energy sources (green hydrogen), can result in minimal carbon emissions to the environment. However, most hydrogen gas is currently made using fossil fuels. To successfully address the needs of green H2...

The distribution of fitness effects of nonsynonymous mutations varies phylogenetically across animals

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the selection coefficients of newly arising mutations and fundamentally influences population genetic processes. However, the extent and mechanisms of differences in the DFE for non-synonymous mutations have not been systematica...

Hail trajectories under climate change: disentangling the roles of moisture, melting level and updraft kinematics

Abstract Large hail is expected to become more frequent under climate change. However, uncertainties remain because storm dynamics and hail formation are imperfectly captured by environmental hail proxies and in convection-permitting models, which are the two most frequently used...

High-throughput determination of threshold displacement energies in AlGaN alloys

Background Aluminum gallium nitride wide-bandgap semiconductors are increasing in popularity for radiation-tolerant electronic devices. Previous work determined that further research into the behavior of radiation-induced defects should be conducted to better understand the radia...

Diblock/Triblock Composition Controls Pore Structure and Mechanical Response in Hierarchically Ordered Hydrogels

Abstract Hydrogels are ubiquitous in a range of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and personal care products. The prevalence is a direct result of fundamental advances in the physics and chemistry of swollen networks that enable tailorable properties to e...

Force production with a subset of fingers: two aspects of unintentional finger involvement

We explored the relations between unintentional finger force production (enslaving) and multi-finger force-stabilizing synergies using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis. In particular, we formulated three mutually exclusive hypotheses on the relations be...

Imaging and modeling crater floor subsidence at Nyiragongo Volcano, DRC

Abstract Localized crater deformation can shed insight into shallow magma processes and eruption hazards. To study localized crater deformation at Nyiragongo volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo), we processed Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series using RA...

Guard cell Signal Transduction Mechanisms Controlling Stomatal Movements by Light, Abscisic Acid, CO2, VPD and Heat

Guard cell pairs form dynamic stomatal gas exchange pores in aerial tissues of plants. Guard cells regulate CO2 influx and water loss through stomata by integrating multiple environmental and internal signals. Guard cells serve as highly specialized sensory and signal processing...

When “Signals” Boomerang: Employers’ Reactions to a Novel Signaling Mechanism

Information asymmetry is a persistent challenge in online labor markets because employers cannot directly observe worker quality. Platforms attempt to mitigate this problem by introducing signaling mechanisms. We examine how employers respond to a novel signaling device: a volunt...